Pusat Pengajian Sains Asas

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Corrosion Protection Of Stainless Steel 316l By Incorporating Zinc Oxide-(Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)Poly(Styrenesulfonate), Pedot:Pss) Hybrid Nanocomposite In Epoxy Based Coating For Marine Application
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2018) Nurul Ain Binti Abdul Rahim
Stainless steel 316L is extensively used in high performance application due to its good mechanical strength and resistance towards corrosion. However, this type of steel is still tends to undergo pitting and crevice corrosion when exposed to aggressive environment such as marine environment. In this study, a new coating material is formulated to control corrosion by introducing zinc oxide (ZnO) and (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) hybrid nanocomposite into epoxy resin based coating. The physiochemical properties of formulated coating and the effect of varied weight percentage (wt.%) of hybrid nanocomposite with immersion time on coating performance is studied. To achieve these objectives, 1 to 5 wt.% ZnO-PEDOT:PSS is mixed and dispersed in epoxy based coating and coated on 316L substrates using brush coating technique. The samples are immersed in real environment for 60 days. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) analysis showed good compatibility and stability between ZnO and PEDOT:PSS in epoxy based coating while maintained amorphous state of epoxy coating.
Preparation And Characterization Of Tributyl(Methyl) Phosphonium-, And Tetraoctyl Phosphoniummontmorillonite/ Poly(Methyl Metacrylate) (Pmma) Composites Via Melt Intercalation Technique
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2018) Afifah Binti Abu Kasim
Naturally, Na + Montmorillonite (MMT) has hydrophilic properties due to the presence of inorganic cations on their surface. Thus, the surface modification becomes indispensable to enhance its interfacial interaction with the organic phase. Current commercial organo modified MMT products have stable temperature limitation of about 200 o C. In order to improve its thermal stability, this study proposed surface modification of MMT by using alkylphosphonium as surfactant due to the participation of its low energy d-orbitals in the processes of making and breaking bonds, which inhibits decomposition from easily occurring. Two types of alkylphosphonium surfactants; tributyl(methyl) phosphonium (TBMP) and tetraoctyl phosphonium (TOP) were used in this study as surface modifier of MMT via ion exchange reaction. The OMMT’s formed characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, elemental analysis (CHNS) and ASAP analysis. The successful insertion of TBMP and TOP ions into the interlayer of MMT increased the interlayer distance and altered the nature of Na + -MMT from hydrophilic to organophilic MMT (OMMT) as well as exhibited substantially higher thermal stability in organic region in TGA thermogram compared to the commercial alkylammonium MMT. OMMT’s were then underwent melt intercalation technique as nanofiller in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
Establishment Of Tissue Culture Technique Towards Transformation Of Oryza Sativa With Omega-3 Desaturase Gene
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Muhammad Haziq Syahir Bin Khaizuran
Salinity stress in paddy field had retarded the annual rice productivity influenced by ionic imbalance, physiological damage and biochemical breakdown. Few reports had categorized rice as a salt sensitive crop manifested in slow vegetative growth rate and delayed reproductive stage. In parallel towards high rice market demands, the establishment of new rice variety with high tolerance towards salt is important to overcome the tragic rice agriculture lost due to soil problems. The opening of newly paddy arable land is impossible due to urbanization. Instead of an exploitation of plant genetic sources in conventional crop breeding, advances in molecular breeding should be priority due wider genetic materials. Omega-3-Fatty Acid Desaturase (ω3-FAD) gene from marine microalgae Chorella Vulgaris strain UMT-M1 was employed in this study as a desired insert as the gene clustered as a saline-combat regulator. An initiative in this new variety production require the optimization of powerful tissue culture protocol.
Development of investment casting molds based on Terengganu silica sand for aluminum and copper alloys
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-03) Siti Zaleha Mohd Nor
The research reported in this thesis has four main objectives. These include to investigate the chemical composition and structural properties of Terengganu local silica sand for foundry use, to develop a suitable investment casting mold formulations, to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of the developed mold and to recommend a suitable formulation and casting procedures for both of aluminium and copper alloy. The study was conducted in two main phases, where the first phase emphasized on the development of Terengganu silica sand as a mold material while the second phase focused on the application of the developed mold in investment casting process. With the silica content more than 97% and Grain Fineness Number (GFN) of 57 and 49, Kuala Abang and Jambu Bongkok silica were found the most appropriate silica as they can be used directly without the need to grind first. Then, using these silica as a refractory material and plaster of paris (POP) as a binder, several formulations were developed. The compositions used were 75% silica, 25% POP and 31 - 37% water. Silica percentage was also varied from 60 - 85% with POP content changing from 15 - 40%.
Prediction of Ozone Concentration at Selected Coastal Sites in Peninsular Malaysia Using Probability Distribution
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-05) Muhammad Izwan Zariq Mokhtar
Generally, high ground-level ozone concentration can affect human health, agriculture and materials. The aim and objectives of this study is to determine the monsoonal variability of ozone concentration in selected sites (Kemaman, S1; Pulau Langkawi, S2; Kuala Terengganu, S3; Universiti Sains Malaysia, S4; Tanjong Malim, S5) accompanied with prediction via statistical distribution. Four different parent distributions such as gamma, Laplace, Rayleigh and log-logistic were applied in order to achieve second and third objectives. Matrix Laboratory version 2014 (MATLAB R2014a) was used to estimate the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and method of moment (MOM) distribution parameters; thus obtaining probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) and performance indicator. Five selected performance indicator used in this study were mean biased error (MBE), normalized absolute error (NAE), prediction accuracy (PA), index of agreement (IA) and coefficient of determinant (R2). The hourly ozone concentrations that exceed 100 ppb (Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Guideline, MAAQG) are considered exceedances event. The exceedance probability that exceeded MAAQG line in CDF plot was later used in achieving the third objective.
Synthesis and characterization of substituted-benzoylthiourea valine and theoreonine derivatives
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-04) Ramizah Ramli
Study of benzoylthiourea derivatives has received immense attentions from researchers worldwide due to their versatility in many fields. Owing to the great potentials they offered, therefore, this research project was carried out. In this study, twenty substituted-benzoylthiourea amino acid have been successfully synthesized and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, NMR spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. To be specific, sixteen new compounds have been obtained, while four compounds have been previously reported. Compound 4-MeOBTT was obtained as single crystal and it has been further characterized by Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallography.
The Effect Of Ammonium Nitrate And Ethylene Glycol In Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solid Polymer Electrolytes For Rechargeable Proton Battery
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-02) Khadijah Hilmun Kamarudin
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been recognised as promising electrolytes to overcome the limitation in gel/liquid counterparts. In this research, the potential of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based SPEs was studied. Two systems, namely System I which comprised of CMC doped ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) salt and System II which comprised of CMC-NH4NO3 plasticized ethylene glycol (EG) are prepared via solution casting technique. The interactions between polymer, salt and plasticizer in both systems are observed by FTIR analysis. The amorphousness and thermal behaviour of both systems are obtained by XRD and TGA-DTG analyses, respectively. The incorporation of 45 wt.% NH4NO3 salt in System I has optimized the ambient temperature ionic conductivity to (7.71  0.04) x 10 -3 -1 Scm . Ionic conductivity is enhanced to (3.80  0.06) x 10 -2 -1 Scm on the addition of 20 wt.% EG plasticizer in System II. The temperature-dependent ionic conductivity for both electrolyte systems is Arrhenian and thermally activated.
Structural, Thermal And Electrical Characterization Of Carboxymethyl Cellulose – Ammonium Chloride – Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes For Use In Rechargable Protonic Cell
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-10) Nur Hidayah Binti Ahmad
Two solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) systems of carboxymethyl cellulose doped ammonium chloride (CMC-AC) and plasticized with propylene carbonate (CMC- AC-PC) have been successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Both SBE systems were translucent, free-standing and flexible with no phase separation. In this research, two different IR methods; Gaussian 09W software as computational and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) as experimental, were used to identify the complexation between polymer, salt and plasticizer. Gaussian 09W analysis reveals the complexation occurred between CMC and AC at 1412cm -1 -1 and 1585cm . No significant complexation is observed with the addition of PC, hence, PC has created new pathway and acted as lubricant in the SBEs. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the amorphous pattern for both systems. With the addition of PC, XRD analysis showed that PC had increased the amorphousness of the SBEs. Thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed decrease in the value of glass transition temperature, Tg with addition of salt / plasticizer concentration
Ionic Conducting Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes Based On Carboxymetyl Cellulose Doped Ammonium Fluoride
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-07) Muhamad Amirullah Bin Ramlli
The development and characterizations of a new-type solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBE) based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped with varied content of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) is presented in this thesis. The SBEs were prepared via solution casting technique. The SBEs were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Electrical Impedance (EI) and Transference Number Measurement (TNM) techniques. The iinteractions between CMC and NH4F occurred at 1581, 1406, 1313 and 1047 cm -1 as proven in FTIR. The addition of NH4F has increased the amorphous domain of SBEs as observed from XRD analysis. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity achieved was 2.68×10 -7 Scm -1 for SBE containing 9 wt. % NH4F. The ionic conductivity of the SBEs was found to be influenced by mobility and diffusion coefficient of ions. TNM analysis revealed that the SBEs were predominantly proton conductor.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Substituted-Benzoylthiourea Valine And Threonine Derivatives
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-04) Ramizah Binti Ramli
Study of benzoylthiourea derivatives has received immense attentions from researchers worldwide due to their versatility in many fields. Owing to the great potentials they offered, therefore, this research project was carried out. In this study, twenty substituted-benzoylthiourea amino acid have been successfully synthesized and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, NMR spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. To be specific, sixteen new compounds have been obtained, while four compounds have been previously reported. Compound 4- MeOBTT was obtained as single crystal and it has been further characterized by Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallography. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated the presence of six important absorption bands of v(N-H), v(O-H), v(C=O-OH), v(C=O-NH), v(C=C) and v(C=S) observed within range of 3171-3486 cm -1 -1 , 2962-3302 cm , -1 1703-1768 cm -1 , 1655-1703 cm -1 , 1499-1560 cm -1 and 703-795 cm , respectively. Meanwhile, UV-Vis spectra exhibited the presence of two chromophores corresponded to the n-* and -* transitions. Proton NMR spectra displayed all of the expected resonances of (-C=O-NH) and (-C=S-NH) appeared in the range of δH 9-12 ppm and 10-11 ppm. Whereas, the 13 C NMR spectra showed the existence of three main resonances of C=S, C=O-OH and C=O-NH appeared downfield at
Pyrogallol-Imprinted Polymers: The Selection Of Monomers And Adsorption Studies
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-05) Nor Amira Binti Othman
Pyrogallol-imprinted polymers (PIPs) were prepared using molecular imprinting : approach. Pyrogallol usually can be found in natural herbs plants such as Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila). In this study, pyrogallol has been used as a template molecule. Pyrogallol-imprinted polymers (PIPs) and non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were synthesized via precipitation polymerization using three different monomers; methacrylic acid (MAA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) in order to determine the most suitable functional monomer for adsorption of pyrogallol. The synthesized polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer- Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis). As the results, by increasing the adsorbent dosage, adsorption of pyrogallol onto the PIPs increased and the contact time is prolonged. Equilibrium adsorption isotherm studies are the study of binding properties and description of the interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate which give adsorption capacity of an adsorbent towards
Development And Characterization Of Unplasticized And Plasticized Carboxymethyl Cellulose Doped Oleic Acid Solid Bio-Polymer Electrolytes And Its Application In Rechargeable Proton Battery
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-01) Chai Mui Nyuk
In this research, two solid bio-polymer electrolyte (SBE) systems of an unplasticized carboxyl methylcellulose doped with oleic acid (CMC–OA) and a similar system plasticized with Glycerol (CMC–OA–Gly) have been successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Both SBEs system were free-standing, transparent with no phase separation films. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis reveals that complexations have occurred between CMC and OA at 2850 cm -1 -1 , 2920 cm -1 and 1597 cm . No significant complexation was observed with the addition of Gly, hence, Gly has acted as a new pathway which helped in the hopping of H + to other coordinating sites of carboxylate anion (COO¯) moiety in CMC. X–Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the structure of CMC–OA and CMC–OA–Gly as both amorphous. CMC–OA SBE had crystallinity which increased from 9.35 Å to 11.41 Å upon addition of OA till 20 wt. % of OA (OA–20). With the addition of plasticizer (Gly) into CMC–OA SBE, XRD analysis showed that Gly had increased the amorphousness of the SBEs.
Synthesis, Characterization And Electrical Conductivity Studies Of Naphthoyl-Thiourea Derivatives As Potential Organic Light Emitting Diode
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-05) Siti Maryam Binti Jasman
Thiourea motif has attracted considerably great interest in numerous applications. Molecular framework featuring thiourea derivatives as molecular wire consists of conjugated systems which promises wide range of electronic properties and suitable to be applied in molecular electronics application. Regarding to this matter, this study was carried out to determine the electrical conductivity and performance as OLED of this linear conjugated organic compounds with general formula A-ArC(O)NHC(S)NHAr-D. All synthesized compounds (1-5) were spectroscopically and analytically characterized via CHNS Elemental Microanalysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UltravioletVisible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Ultraviolet-Fluorescence Spectroscopy (UV-F), 1 H and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallography Analysis, X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Analysis. The compounds were fabricated on ITO substrate by using electrochemical deposition method (ECD) before the electrical conductivity and performances as OLED were tested by using Four Point Probe and Two Point Probe. The Gaussian 09 Software was used to calculate the energy band gap and the electrical conductivity of the synthesized compounds to compare with experimental evaluation. The infrared spectra for 1-5 showed five and six significant absorptions within the expected range. From UV-Vis spectra, they show the presence of -* and n-* electronic transitions which referred to C=O and C=S chromophores whereas from UV-F spectra, the emission spectra were observed for 1-5. The 1 H NMR spectra exhibit all expected resonances especially for δH 13 (NH). Whilst, C NMR spectra also show expected resonances of δC (C=O) and δC (C=S) to indicate that these compounds indeed thiourea derivatives. In addition, the energy bandgaps (Eg) of all synthesized compound were measured and confirmed by theoretical calculation. The energy bandgaps (Eg) of these compounds were at around 4.49-4.72 eV and it is in a good agreement with the theoretical calculation. From the electrical conductivity study, these compounds fall in the range of semiconductor materials which is 1.61x10 -4 -4 -1 -1.72x10 Scm under dark condition.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures And Anion Exchange Studies Of Coordination Polymers Containing N,N-2,6-Bis(4-Pyridylmethyl)Pyridine Dicarboxamide With Chromate Anion
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016) Nur Syazwani Binti Kassim
The release of hazardous anions such as chromate, nitrate and perchlorate into the waterways system has cause a destructive effect on human and the aquatic environment. To overcome this problem, many techniques utilizing amide compounds as anion receptors have been reported. New trend of using coordination polymers as anion receptors has attracted a lot of attention due to their large surface area and high selectivity. Therefore, in this study, a flexible U-shaped ligand with potential to bind anion, namely N,N-2,6-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide (L1) has been successfully synthesized. This ligand was used as an organic linker in the construction of coordination polymers ({[Zn(L1)2(H2O)2](NO3)2.4H2O}n (MC1), {[Cd(L1)2(H2O)2](NO3)2.6H2O}n (MC2) and {[Cd(L1)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2.3 12 ⁄ H2O}n (MC3) which was purposely designed to selectively bind and separate anions, particularly chromate. All compounds were characterized using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR),113H and C Nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) while the structure of the coordination polymers were confirmed by X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis.
Isotherm and kinetic studies of cooking oil adsorption onto treated oil palm mesocarp fibers
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Ros Azlinani As'ari
One of the major pollutants that deteriorate aquatic system quality is originated from cooking oil waste (COW). Moreover, the amount of cooking oil waste produced increased annually. Cooking oil waste discharges into drainage system without proper disposal method that blockage water system. An oil layer covers water surface and prevents the dissolution of oxygen which will be disturbing the aquatic system. Due to this improper cooking oil waste disposal method, a step must be taken to overcome this problem. Mostly, palm oil is extracted from the mesocarp of oil palm fruit, leaving behind the solid waste of oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF). Therefore, the ability of OPMF to adsorb cooking oil waste from synthetic oily wastewater was investigated. OPMF was collected from local oil palm mills and washed to remove dirt particles. Due to the presence of hydoxyl group in OPMFs, the fibers were subjected to alkali, peroxide and acetylation treatments to modify the hydrophilic characteristic of OPMF.
Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of ferrocenamide derivatives as potential organic solar cells
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Taqiah Binti Kamaruddin
The unique redox properties of ferrocene have made it an excellent candidate in the application of molecular electronics. In this study, five new ferrocenamide-based derivatives were synthesized and their electrical properties as potential organic solar cells were evaluated. All of the synthesized compounds (1-5) were characterized via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, Mass Spectrometer (MS), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and electrochemical analysis. In elemental analysis, the experimental values of C, H, and N were comparable to the calculated theoretical values. This indicated that, the synthesized compounds were reasonably pure.
Study on the sexual maturation of male mud crab, with special focus on scylla olivacea
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-08) Khor, Wai Ho
Mud crab genus Scylla is a commercially important species that are widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region, including Malaysia (Ikhwanuddin et al., 2011). Currently, four species of mud crabs within the genus Scylla are recognized worldwide (Keenan et al., 1998). However, only three species are officially reported in Malaysian waters (i.e. S. paramamosain, S. tranquebarica and S. olivacea) (Ikhwanuddin et al., 2011). Out of these three species, S. olivacea is the most dominating species and can be found in almost all coastal areas of Malaysia. Also known as orange mud crab or locally known as ‘ketam sepit merah’ due to its noticeable vibrant red-orange colour on its front chela, S. olivacea is smaller in size but hardier compared to the other species within the same genus (Waiho et al., 2015). Predominantly inhabits intertidal mangrove forests with fluctuating salinity, S. olivacea are commonly found along mangrove banks and seek shelter among the branches of mangroves.
Synthesis, characterization and hydrogen storage studies of metal-organic frameworks containing monoamide ligand
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-08) Nafisah Mansor
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are commonly designed and investigated as materials for hydrogen storage applications. The abilities of MOFs to absorb and separate of gas depends on compounds that have nitrogen (N) and oxygen (0) containing group due to interaction between localized dipoles of nitrogen and quadrupole moment of oxygen.
Effect of estrogen hormone, 17 B-Estradiol on feminization, survival and growth of banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1888) Postlarvae
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-05) Muhammad Hafiz Bahar
This study was conducted to differentiate the sexual characteristics and also to identify the ages when the sexes of banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis postlarvae (PL) can be differentiated. This study was also conducted to determine the effects of different low concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg) of estrogen hormone, 17B-estradiol (E2) on the survival, growth and feminization of F. merguiensis PL.
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of lauroylthioamide amino acid derivatives and their metal complexes
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-05) Rafidah Ramli
The study on thiourea derivatives has become a subject of interest due to their potential application in biological area as antibacterial and anticancer agents. In this study, four new thiourea derivatives have been successfully synthesized from the combination of three bioactive molecules such as lauroyl, thiourea and amino acids.

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