Pusat Pengajian Sains Perikanan dan Akuakultur

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LIPID NUTRITION ON GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF MAHSSEER, Tor tambroides BROODSTOCKS
(UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, 2019-06) MUHAMMAD ABDIH BIN YAZED
Lipid nutrition on gonad development of mahseer, Tor tambroides broodstocks
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2019-06) Muhammad Abduh Bin Yazed
The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of fish oil (FO) substitutions with corn oil (CO) and lipid levels on the gonad development of Tor tambroides broodstocks via three feeding trials. The first feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of diets containing various FO and CO ratios on female T. tambroides broodstocks. Three isonitrogenous (450 g kg-1 crude protein) and isolipidic diets (105 g kg-1 crude lipid) were formulated to contain FO and CO at ratio of 1:0 , 1:1, and 0:1, respectively and was fed to the female broodstocks for five months. Based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), histological observations on the gonad cell, muscle fatty acids (FA) composition, and 17β-estradiol (E2) level, fish fed with diet containing FO to CO ratio of 1:1 demonstrated higher GSI and the farthest development of gonad cell stages for female T. tambroides with ratio of n-3 to n-6 of 0.74. To further elucidate the effects of lipid on T.tambroides broodstocks, the second and third feeding trials were conducted with isonitrogenous (450 g kg-1 crude protein) diets containing 60, 82, 105 and 128 g kg-1 of lipid (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% lipid inclusion respectively) with FO to CO ratio of 1:1 on female and male T. tambroides broodstocks respectively, for five months.
Spatial Distribution Within Different Age Of Two Anguilla Species In Peninsular Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2020) Inn Ju, Chai
Freshwater eels are divided into tropical and temperate species based on their geographical distribution. Spatial distribution of tropical eels in Malaysia can be revealed through the analysis of migratory pattern. There are studies emphasize on the diversity data of Anguilla species in Malaysia but not their migratory patterns. The objectives of this study were to determine age by otolith annuli examination and to determine the migratory pattern of tropical eels by examining otolith strontium (Sr) to calcium (Ca) ratios using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Present study provides an insight of tropical eel migratory history and habitat preferences in Peninsular Malaysia, In this study, age of tropical eels was determined by the annual rings of otolith while their migratory patterns were determined by the Sr: Ca ratio of their otoliths that reflect eel movements among various saline environments. A total of 164 eel individuals composed of 126 Anguilla bicolor bicolor and 38 A. bengalensis bengalensis were collected from ten rivers in the states of Penang, Perak and Kedah in the northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Migratory patterns observed among species and were divided into four contingent types: 1) Type 1, freshwater, 2) Type 2a, freshwater-favoring, 3) Type 2b, seawater-favoring and 4) Type 3, shift type.
The anaesthetic effects of lemongrass, cymbopogon citratus essential iol on giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2019) Wan Noazira Binti Wan Adnan
Stress is a critical state in the phase of aquaculture management that would lead to the decrease production and eventually death. Anaesthetics are widely being used as it capable in reducing mortality through progressive loss of mobility, equilibrium and consciousness, which can facilitate husbandry activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the potential of lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus essential oil as an anaesthetic on giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Synergies between moulting cycles, cannibalism, and biochemical compound cues released by giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) DURING ECDYSIS
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2019) Nor Juneta Binti Abu Seman
Ecdysis is a common phenomenon that happen throughout the life phase of giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. During ecdysis, biochemical compound fluctuates and produces a variety of chemical cues that indirectly promotes cannibalism. This study characterized the ecdysis or moulting stages based on setagenesis and determined the complete moulting duration of M. rosenbergii.
Study On Phospholipid Nutrition Of Malaysian Mahseer, Tor Tambroides Juveniles
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2018-06) Sohel Mian
Aquaculture has been developed into a sustainable industry allied through the culture of high-valued freshwater finfishes. Over 70% of aquaculture production depends on suitable feeds and feed ingredients. Phospholipid (PL) in fish feed has been identified as growth promoter in juveniles of fish. Interaction between phospholipid and other nutrients are also crucial. Therefore, the current research was initiated by supplementing phospholipid as non-fishmeal based feed ingredients to make a suitable diet for Malaysian Mahseer, Tor tambroides. Several feeding trials were conducted using juveniles of T. tambroides. The primary investigation showed specific growth rate (SGR) of 2.05% d -1 in fish fed 4% liquid soybean lecithin supplemented diet. However, another feeding trial confirmed a better SGR of 2.11% d -1 in mahseer juveniles fed diet supplemented with 4% granular soybean lecithin. Hence, granular soybean lecithin as PL source was advocated. Subsequent trials were associated with the PL supplementation and fishmeal (FM) replacement studies for T. tambroides. Thus, soybean meal and fish bone meal were suggested to replace dietary FM when supplemented with PL.
Efficacy Of Binders On The Quality Of Microboumd Diets And Growth Performances Of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium Rosenbergii Post Larvae
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Nik Nur Ayu Hafizah Binti N Kamaruzaman
Effects of microbound diets (MBD) in post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were investigated in series of experiments. Five MBDs were formulated with different binders (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), agar, zein, alginate and carrageenan). The water stability of the diets was analyzed by monitoring the dry matter retention, turbidity of water and observation of physical structure from 0 to 360 minutes. MBD with zein showed higher dry matter retention, followed by MBD with agar. Absorbance value of MBD water sample was increased with the increasing disintegration of the MBD in the water. Throughout the experiment, MBD with zein consistently showed the lowest value of absorbance. The physical structure of all MBDs remained stable after 40 minutes of immersion except for MBD with alginate which partial disintegrated. Survival and growth performance of post larvae of M. rosenbergii fed with the same five sets of MBD also evaluated for 14 days. At the end of the feeding trial, survival rate of post larvae fed with MBD formulated with CMC, agar, zein, alginate and carrageenan were 44, 62, 53, 43 and 52%, respectively. For growth performances, there were no significant differences.
Isolation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Broiler Chicken And Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus And Asssessment Of Their Probiotic Effects On African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Badr Salem F Elmagdob
The chemotherapeutic use of antibiotics in aquaculture to control diseases had been practiced for several decades, which led to several complications such as the antibiotic resistance in animal’s tissues together with the gastrointestinal imbalance of the microbial flora in aquatic species. Several probiotics to enhance the productivity of commonly cultured fish species in Malaysia have been conducted. However, reliable evidence in related to lactic acid bacteria derived from the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken Gallus gallus as an in-feed probiotic additive and its effects on African Catfish Clarias gariepinus are limited. This study aims to isolate lactic acid bacteria from broiler chicken and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and evaluate their probitic effects on African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. The experiment was implemented for 90 days, with a total number of 450 fingerlings of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus at an average weight of 2.3 ± 0.2g. The fish were fed with commercial feed twice daily at a ratio of 5% of their body weight. Antagonistic analysis of isolates was carried out using double-layer agar method to select candidate probiotics. We also evaluated whether their tolerance gastrointestinal condition such as ph., bile salt and digestive enzyme, then identified candidate probiotic using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar.
Effect Of Different Light Regime On Phycobiliprotein Production From Some Cyanobacteria Species Found In Setiu
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2018) Siti Suhada Binti Suleiman
Phycobiliproteins present in cyanobacteria is the major light harvesting pigments which consists of chromophores (bilin) that are attached to cysteine residue of the apoprotein in cyanobacteria. They elicits high active natural biochemical compound, eligible for various application in medical as well as in aquaculture industry. Varying physiochemical parameters especially light, affect photosynthesis and thereby the growth of cyanobacteria as well as the phycobiliprotein content present in them. Present study focused on optimizing light regime to produce maximum phycobiliprotein from potential cyanobacteria. Three species of cyanobacteria, marine Geitlerinema sp., freshwater Leptolyngbya boryana and Pseudanabaena mucicola, were selected and cultured in four different light regime which were; (i) 24 hours artificial light (24 AL), (ii) 12 hours artificial light and 12 hours sunlight (12 AL: 12 SL), (iii) 12 hours artificial light and 12 hours dark (12 AL: 12 D), 12 hours sunlight and 12 hours dark (12 SL: 12 D). Prior to light regime experiment, growth curve for each species in every light regime had been carried out to obtain the stationary phase. Results showed that among the species, Pseudanabaena mucicola cultured under 12 AL: 12 D has a significantly higher (P<0.05) total phycobiliprotein production (149.96 ± 1.4 mg g -1 ) with a significantly high (P<0.05) purity ratio for phycocyanin (0.92 ± 0.02), allophycocyanin (0.58 ± 0.01), phycoerythrin (0.43 ± 0), compared to the other light regime. Leptolyngbya boryana cultured in 12 AL: 12 D had a lower total phycobiliprotein production (15.07 ± 0.6 -1 mg g ) with a significantly low purity ratio for phycocyanin (0.08 ± 0), allophycocyanin (0.05 ± 0.01) and phycoerythrin (0.07 ± 0). In addition, protein of the phycobiliprotein from Pseudanabaena mucicola showed a significantly higher concentration (P<0.05) under 12 AL: 12 SL (3.06 ± 0.2 mg mL -1 ) compared to the other light regime.
Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Activities Of Eugenol And Thymol Derivatives
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2018) Nurul Hazwani Binti Che Abdul Rahim
Drug development based on natural product especially on monoterpene and phenylpropanoid becomes a subject of interest due to their simple skeletal structures. Therefore, 18 derivatives were synthesized which comprise of 14 eugenol derivatives and five thymol derivatives with seven of them were considered new. These derivatives were synthesized via structural modification at hydroxyl group furnishing ether and ester derivatives in the presence of base. Each derivative was characterized by normal spectroscopic techniques of FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR and MS. The spectroscopic data of FTIR showed few significance peaks which corresponds to v(=CH), v(C-H), v(C=C)aromatic and v(C-O) stretches appeared for both derivatives at the range of 3092-2960 cm -1 -1 , 1600 cm and 1455-1256 cm -1 ; and additional stretch of v(C=O) around 1700 cm -1 for ester derivatives. The absorption band in the UV-Vis spectra for aromatic moiety as π→π electronic transition was observed in both ether and ester derivatives. Meanwhile, additional band was observed in UV-Vis spectra for ester derivatives indicating the presence of n→π transition depicts the C=O moiety. In the NMR spectra analysis, the presence of methylene protons around δH 5.00 ppm in 1 H NMR spectra and the appearance of C=O peak at δC 160 ppm in 13 C NMR confirmed the ether and ester linkages. The structures of the derivatives were also confirmed by MS analysis where peaks in the form of ion [M] + obtained in m/z values were in agreement with the expected molecular weight of the synthesized compound.
Population Characteristics And Reproductive Biology Of Areolate Grouper Epinephelus Areolatus And Six-Barred Grouper Epinephelus Sexfasciatus From Terengganu Waters, Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-07) Nor Hazila Binti Abdul Kadir
Grouper are highly preferred species for the local Malaysian market as well as for export. In view of their importance, a study on the population characteristics and reproductive biology of the grouper was carried out. In this study, fish samples were collected monthly from Pulau Kambing and Kuala Dungun landing ports from February 2014 to January 2015. Fish length and weight was measured and the gonads were macroscopically and microscopically examined. This study found 7 species of grouper with Epinephelus areolatus and Epinephelus sexfasciatus were two dominant species from both landing ports. The CPUE for both species from Pulau Kambing were lower compared to Kuala Dungun fish landing port. Meanwhile, the asymptotic lengths (L∞) for both species were higher at Pulau Kambing than Kuala Dungun. The length weight relationship analysis demonstrated that E. areolatus and E. sexfasciatus from both landing ports were negative allometric growth. The condition factor, K for E. areolatus from Pulau Kambing was higher compared to Kuala Dungun landing port. Meanwhile, the K value for E. sexfasciatus was vice versa. Howerver, the K values for both species shows that these species are above average condition.
Comparative study on the growth, productivity, proximate and pigments of tropical marine microalgae grown in conway media and aquaculture wastewater
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-08) Mohd Syakir Syahiran Che Mohd Noor
Expanding aquaculture sector is generating high amount of wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphorus. One obstacle of mass culturing microalgae is expensive commercial media. Wastewater resulting from aquaculture activities can be a source of nutrient as alternative medium for cultivating microalgae thereby reducing the production cost. Therefore, present study compared the growth, productivity, proximate composition and pigments of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Nannochloris maculate, and Tetraselmis chuii cultured in aquaculture wastewater and Conway medium. Aquaculture wastewater sample was collected from Blue Archipelago Berhad at Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia that culture Pacific White Shrimp. This study could provide essential knowledge for proper assessment and management of aquaculture wastewater at Setiu. Results indicated that selected microalgae cultivated in wastewater and Conway medium did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05) in terms of cell density, optical density and biomass. In addition, volumetric, areal and lipid productivity showed similar trend for all the three species where no significance differences (p > 0.05) were found. iv The three species also did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05) in terms of carbohydrate, protein and lipid content cultured either in wastewater or Conway medium. Pigment concentration in terms of chlorophyll a concentration has no significance difference (p > 0.05) of all three species microalgae cultured either in wastewater and Conway medium. However, carotenoid concentration for N. maculate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Conway medium than wastewater medium. There was no significance difference (p > 0.05) of carotenoid content for C. calcitrans and T. chuii cultured either in wastewater or Conway medium.
Effect of water salinity on ovarian maturation stages and 17 b-estradiol levels on fermale orange mud crab, scylla olivacea (HERBST, 1796) in captivity
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-10) Amin Safwan Adnan
The present study was designed to focus on the effect of water salinity (10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt) on ovarian maturation stages and 17 β-estradiol levels on female orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea in captivity. Scylla olivacea were sampled from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (5°31'23.1"N 102°55'56.1"E) from July to September 2015. Ovarian maturation stages were determined through colouration, Gonad Somatic Index (GSI), oocyte diameter and oocyte structure, all collected for analyzation at every 15 days throughout 60 days of culture period (Individual aquarium: 36cm x 22cm x 21 cm; Salinity: 10 ppt, 20 ppt, 30 ppt; Temperature: 27-29oC; Light intensity: ambient; Diet intake: Selaroides leptolepis at 10% body weight, every days, twice daily, at 0900 hrs and 1700 hrs), while the reproductive hormone levels 17 β-estradiol in the hemolymph were measured through Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Morphologically, as the ovary develop, the colour start to change from translucent or whitish in colour and sometimes creamy to pale yellow, followed by light orange and lastly reddish orange.
Effects of thermal stress on physiological responsess in male red hybrid tilapia oreochromis
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-06) Hazza Roshada Ramli
Effect of thermal stress on some physiological activities were examined in male red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The 24h loss of equilibrium temperature (LET50) and lethal temperature (LT50) were preliminarily identified using water temperature regime of 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36 °C, and determined at 31.6 and 33.6 °C, respectively. Fish were then subjected to gradual acclimation at 1°C/8 h from 28 to 31 °C, and exposed for a duration of 1, 7 and 14 days. The effect of sublethal thermal stress on the activities of cortisol, HMG-CoA reductase, osmolality, ionic composition and total protein in plasma; citrate synthase activities in brain, liver and kidney tissues, 11-ß hydroxylase activity in testis tissue, as well as oxidative stress responses (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase) in muscle, liver and kidney tissues were investigated. Plasma cortisol was gradually increased from day 1 to day 7, but decreased on day 14. Plasma HMG-CoA reductase and 11-ß hydroxylase in testis tissue were also significantly increased (p < 0.05) on day 14.
Effect of entada rheedii's extract on argulus japonicus from goldfish
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-01) Nurulhuda Mahmood
Goldfish is a familiar ornamental fish in Malaysia. The culture and breeding of goldfish has contributed to the country economy through import and export activities. However, the major problem of goldfish is the parasite infection which is mainly from the ectoparasite such as Argulus sp. High infection of Argulus sp. on goldfish leads to increase mortality of fish. In order to decrease the Argulus sp. infection, extract of Entada rheedii was tested to treat Argulus infection on goldfish. Extract of E. rheedii was used traditionally as a shampoo due to its saponin content that can eradicate the hair lice. The main objective of this study were to examine Argulus sp. that infect on goldfish in Perak and also their life cycle stages in captivity from egg to adult stage. The next objective was to study the survival rate of goldfish and Argulus sp. after exposure with E. rheedii plant extract. Parasite identification was done based on the morphological approach by compound and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For life cycle, observation a hand full of Argulus were maintained in a freshwater aquarium with temperature set at 30°C.
The evoluationary history of rabbitfish (siganidae) based on morphological and molecular data
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-06) Siti Zulaiha Zolkaply
A total of 18 nominal species in genus Siganus (Siganidae) is classified based on morphological features and colouration patterns. The remarkable morphological similarities and the intermediate morphological characters resulted in taxonomic confusion in Siganidae. Although a series of phylogenetic studies have been conducted, the research on divergence time and evolutionary history of rabbitfish are still lacking. This study was conducted to 1) determine the morphological characteristics of Siganus species collected from Terengganu Waters 2) show the patterns of phylogenetic diversification of siganids and 3) infer the time of divergence of the species by using the time-calibrated phylogeny. The phylogenetic tree of Siganus species was reconstructed based on mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear DNA sequences of rhodopsin retrogene. The results were compared with morphological analysis outcomes. The Bayesian Inference (BI) and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) analyses of both genes produced phylogeny structure that are not identical due to the inconsistent placement of S. argenteus.
Study of biofloc technology on carbon sequestration and emission, water quality and health of pacific whiteleg shrimp, penaueus vannamei
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-10) Norhidayah Abdul Manan
The application of biofloc technology in aquaculture sector has increased worldwide due to its effectiveness in controlling the water quality in aquaculture system. Nonetheless, the effect from the biofloc application towards environment effect such as Greenhouse Gases emission and toward shrimp health is still dearth. Therefore, study on biofloc technology was carried out to investigate the effect of biofloc application towards carbon sequestration and emission, water quality and health of Pacific Whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei from the shrimp farm and also from hatchery. Through the effect of carbon sequestration, the highest value of carbon sink using biovolume analysis was 14923.39 μgC-1 by the Chroococcus sp. and 3778.20 μgC-1 by Oocystis sp. Through the chlorophyll analysis, the highest carbon sink come from Chl-a which the highest value is 881.33 mg/m3 from DOC91 pond. Through the effect of carbon emission, from 52 ponds studied, 27 ponds acted as the carbon sink pCO2<400μatm, 12 ponds as the potential carbon sources and 13 ponds acted as carbon sources to the atmospheres.
The relationship between the natural diets and digestive enzyme with hepatopancreas and ovarian maturation of mud crab, scylla olivacea (HERBST, 1796)
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-02) Hidir Ariffin
Recently, there has been a growing interest on ovarian maturation study of mud crab, however study on any different factors that related with ovarian maturation of mud crab is still lacking. Therefore, this study covers the factors such as natural diet, digestive enzyme and hepatopancreas related to ovarian maturation of Scylla olivacea. Sixty of female adult S. olivacea were collected from Setiu Wetlands. Foregut was collected to study its fullness and content. Hepatopancreas was collected to study its digestive enzyme activity, B-cell and R-cell.
Effect of natural diets on ovarian maturation and their relationship with hepatopancreas of female orange mud crab, scylla olivacea (HERBST, 1796) in cultured condition
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Aaqillah Amr Mohd Amran
Lacking of information on crab nutritional requirement restricts the reproduction of crabs in aquaculture. The study focused on the effect of feeding diets; scadfish and squid on the ovarian maturation of female orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. 20 individuals of immature female crabs with 10 individuals at each treatment were captivated for 60 days with ambient water parameters (salinity: 28 – 30 ppt; temperature: 28 – 30 °C; pH: 7.0 – 8.0). 30 individuals of control crabs were also collected from wild. Both captive (scadfish-fed and squid-fed) and wild caught crabs were dissected for morphological, histological, and biochemical analysis on ovary and hepatopancreas. Based on morphological and histological analysis on ovary, the GSI and oocyte size were significantly increased across the ovarian maturation stage. For biochemical analysis, high percentage of SAFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs in both ovary and hepatopancreas of wild caught and captive crabs suggested their importance in delivering energy for reproduction.
Detection and molecular analysis of megalocytivirus in oysters (crassostres iredalei) in Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016) George Anak Bobby
State of Sabah and Johor, Malaysia which are located in the middle of one the twelve mega biodiversity sites in the world were among the most important locations for aquaculture industries especially the cultivation of oysters (Crassostrea iredalei). However, in 2012, mass mortalities of oysters and mussels affecting few farms in Marudu Bay, Sabah were observed. Since the location of the cultivation area for both mussels and oysters are in the same area and the suspected virus, Megalocytivirus can be transmitted via water therefore, it is presumed that the problem could also affect the cultivation and yield of oysters. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence/absence of Megalocytivirus in oysters (Crassostrea iredalei) from Marudu Bay, Sabah and Masai, Johor using molecular approach. In this study, a total of 80 oyster’s samples were tested for the presence of Megalocytivirus. The DNA were amplified by Single-step and nested PCR amplification using primer that amplified MCP gene of Megalocytivirus selectively and generally.

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