Pusat Pengajian Sains Perikanan dan Akuakultur

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Age, growth and reproductive biology of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) off the western waters of Aceh
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-05) Muhammad Arrafi
A study of Age, Growth and Reproductive Biology of Indian Mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) Off The Western Waters of Aceh, Indonesia was carried out from January to December 2013 at Ujong Baroh fishing port. A total of 1343 Indian mackerels (mainly from fishing vessel that used danish seine) were collected randomly twice a month. This study was conducted not only to determine the growth and age parameters using length frequency data, but also to investigate the biological aspects of the indian mackerel species, i.e. length-weight relationship, condition factor, sex ratio, gonad maturity stages, gonadosomatic index (GSI), length at first maturity and fecundity.
The anaesthetic effects of lemongrass, cymbopogon citratus essential iol on giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2019) Wan Noazira Binti Wan Adnan
Stress is a critical state in the phase of aquaculture management that would lead to the decrease production and eventually death. Anaesthetics are widely being used as it capable in reducing mortality through progressive loss of mobility, equilibrium and consciousness, which can facilitate husbandry activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the potential of lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus essential oil as an anaesthetic on giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Anti-bacterial and anti-quorum sensing activities from bacteria associated with seaweed in Pulau Bidong
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-01) Siti Nazatul Mohd Yasim
Bacteria associated with seaweeds are highly diverse and rich sources of bioactive compounds. The antagonistic properties of seaweed-associated microbes from Pulau Bidong have not been explored and also very limited studies on bacteria associated with seaweed in Malaysia.
Bacterial communities associated with toxic and non-toxic marine dinoflagellates
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-04) Mohd Ezhar Mohd Noor
Association between bacteria and marine dinoflagellates is one of the important factors in harmful algae bloom formation and toxin production by dinoflagellates. The diversity of the bacteria associated with clonal cultures of both toxic and non toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium tamiyavanichii and Alexandrium leei were assessed by using culture dependent and culture independent approaches. In culturedependent approach, bacteria were isolated on appropiate culture media and later identified based on 16S rDNA sequences. In culture-independent approach metagenome was extracted directly from the cultures of dinoflagellates.
Characterisation of the length of first capture, Lc of the dominant species captured by trawl net
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-01) Nurrussaadah Mohd Azilah
This study was carried out to determine the length at the first capture, Lc of the dominant species in Kuala Terengganu waters. Lc is the length at 50% of the fish entering the gear is retained. The codend of a trawl net has been modified with the addition of a net with the mesh size of 25 mm to cover the codend of 38 mm mesh size. Ten species of marine fish were collected during the experiment with the total number of 1 736 in cover net and 1 128 in the codend. The species caught during the experiments are Secutor hanedai, Equulites stercorarius, Pseudorhombus malayanus, Pseudorhombus arsius, Saurida undosquamis, Trichiurus lepturus, Nemipterus hexodon, Upeneus guttatus, Scolopsis taenioptera and Selaroides leptolepis where the dominant species are Secutor hanedai and Equulites stercorarius. The length frequency distribution for S. hanedai and E. stercorarius are between 7.1 em to 10.7 em and 7.0cm to 10.6 em respectively. This study found that the length at first capture, Lc S. hanedai is 7.28 em and 6.13 em for E.stercorarius. The Lc for the both species is lower than length at the first maturity, Lm from the previous study. This study suggested that the use of 38mm mesh size of codend or larger should be enforced to promote sustainability of our resources.
Characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased fish and the potential of sodium alginate as a carrier for oral vaccine
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2013-12) Nurul Aqilah Iberahim
Bacterial diseases in aquaculture are considered to be a major cause of fish mortalities. Disease due to Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most common bacterial diseases in aquaculture. This bacterium causes hemorrhagic septicaemia, abdominal dropsy and ulcers. Effective prevention is necessary to overcome the outbreak of bacterial disease. Thus this study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize A. hydrophila from diseased fish. The virulence and pathogenicity of the isolates were evaluated for vaccine candidate selection. The in vitro suitability of sodium alginate as coating agent for oral formalin killed A. hydrophila vaccine was evaluated. A. hydrophila were isolated, identified and characterized using conventional biochemical tests. Two representative isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysed for identity confirmation.
Cleaning behaviour and expression profiles of immune-related genes in the skin mucus of bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, in response to its parasite-infected client, the Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-02) Nurasyila Alli
Fish disease is one of factor that contributes to mortality in fish farming. Biology treatments were recommended to control and treat fish disease instead of chemical treatments. Biology treatments that have potential are by using cleaner wrasse Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse, L. dimidiatus. L. dimidiatus act by removed parasite from other fish that called client. L. dimidiatus reported to have mutualism relationship with its client. Uniquely, no reports on L. dimidiatus had infected with parasite from its client. So this research are to determine antagonistics behaviour (Pose, bite, twitch, flee,chase and swipe) between L. dimidiatus and its client Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer , to determine immune related gene expression profile (Alkaline phosphatase, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin D dan Cathepsin L) during cleaning activities and to relate both of this research finding. So, 2 L. dimidiatus were placed together with infected L. calcarifer in 2 feet aquarium for 48 hours (2 days) to determine antagonistic behaviour.
Colonisation of meiofauna
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-01) Rohayu Ramli
Most of the morphological adaptations observed in meiofauna whether endobenthic, mesobenthic or epibenthic correlate closely with the substrate. To date, the effect of colonisation on the population dynamics of meiofauna and the mechanism by which they influence on specific habitat are poorly understood. The present study will provides the information about the colonisation rate and modes of the meiofauna into the introduced substrates and the factors which responsible in structuring the meiofaunal community during the colonisation period.
Comparative study on the growth, productivity, proximate and pigments of tropical marine microalgae grown in conway media and aquaculture wastewater
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017-08) Mohd Syakir Syahiran Che Mohd Noor
Expanding aquaculture sector is generating high amount of wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphorus. One obstacle of mass culturing microalgae is expensive commercial media. Wastewater resulting from aquaculture activities can be a source of nutrient as alternative medium for cultivating microalgae thereby reducing the production cost. Therefore, present study compared the growth, productivity, proximate composition and pigments of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Nannochloris maculate, and Tetraselmis chuii cultured in aquaculture wastewater and Conway medium. Aquaculture wastewater sample was collected from Blue Archipelago Berhad at Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia that culture Pacific White Shrimp. This study could provide essential knowledge for proper assessment and management of aquaculture wastewater at Setiu. Results indicated that selected microalgae cultivated in wastewater and Conway medium did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05) in terms of cell density, optical density and biomass. In addition, volumetric, areal and lipid productivity showed similar trend for all the three species where no significance differences (p > 0.05) were found. iv The three species also did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05) in terms of carbohydrate, protein and lipid content cultured either in wastewater or Conway medium. Pigment concentration in terms of chlorophyll a concentration has no significance difference (p > 0.05) of all three species microalgae cultured either in wastewater and Conway medium. However, carotenoid concentration for N. maculate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Conway medium than wastewater medium. There was no significance difference (p > 0.05) of carotenoid content for C. calcitrans and T. chuii cultured either in wastewater or Conway medium.
Detection and molecular analysis of megalocytivirus in oysters (crassostres iredalei) in Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016) George Anak Bobby
State of Sabah and Johor, Malaysia which are located in the middle of one the twelve mega biodiversity sites in the world were among the most important locations for aquaculture industries especially the cultivation of oysters (Crassostrea iredalei). However, in 2012, mass mortalities of oysters and mussels affecting few farms in Marudu Bay, Sabah were observed. Since the location of the cultivation area for both mussels and oysters are in the same area and the suspected virus, Megalocytivirus can be transmitted via water therefore, it is presumed that the problem could also affect the cultivation and yield of oysters. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence/absence of Megalocytivirus in oysters (Crassostrea iredalei) from Marudu Bay, Sabah and Masai, Johor using molecular approach. In this study, a total of 80 oyster’s samples were tested for the presence of Megalocytivirus. The DNA were amplified by Single-step and nested PCR amplification using primer that amplified MCP gene of Megalocytivirus selectively and generally.
The Development Of Microemulsion Based Anodyne Ultraviolet (Uv) Filters Incorporated With Melaleuca Cajuputi Extract
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-11) Muhammad Hanif Bin Sainorudin
For the past few decades, herbal sunscreen have brought major attraction due to their beneficial value such as high ultraviolet ray absorption. Besides, it also has great potential to possess antibacterial activity. Due to these advantages, a series of sunscreen formulations with the combination of herbal extracts were proposed. In this study, four formulations were successfully developed with different composition comprises of nonionic surfactant, co-surfactant, water and essential oil of Melaleuca cajuputi as active ingredient. The percentage ratio by weight of surfactant:co- surfactant:water were F1 (28:22:50), F2 (10:10:80), F3 (26:24:50) and F4 (30:20:50). This study was also conducted to explore the ability of M. cajuputi to promote a good anodyne ultraviolet (UV) filter which can lead to improvement in the treatment of sun burn due to the overexposure to UV radiation. All of the sunscreen formulations based on microemulsion system as the medium were formulated and analyzed using several spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), ternary phase diagram, UV- visible Spectroscopy, morphology of sample surface by Scanning Electron
The development of microemulsion based anodyne ultraviolet (UV) filters incorporated with melaleuca cajuputi extract
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-11) Muhammad Hanif Sainorudin
For the past few decades, herbal sunscreen have brought major attraction due to their beneficial value such as high ultraviolet ray absorption. Besides, it also has great potential to possess antibacterial activity. Due to these advantages, a series of sunscreen formulations with the combination of herbal extracts were proposed. In this study, four formulations were successfully developed with different composition comprises of nonionic surfactant, co-surfactant, water and essential oil of Melaleuca cajuputi as active ingredient. The percentage ratio by weight of surfactant:co-surfactant:water were F1 (28:22:50), F2 (10:10:80), F3 (26:24:50) and F4 (30:20:50). This study was also conducted to explore the ability of M. cajuputi to promote a good anodyne ultraviolet (UV) filter which can lead to improvement in the treatment of sun burn due to the overexposure to UV radiation.
Distribution and life history of Oman anemonefish, amhpiprion omanensis, at the east coast of Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-11) Alfarsi, Issa Mohamed Abdullah
The present study was carried out on Amphiprion omanensis along the eastern coast of Dhofar region Oman between Marbat and Ras Hasik. Fish was sampled from all the sites for a period of 16 months (January 2010 until December 2011). A SCUBA dive survey was conducted. A transect method was used for studying the distribution and relative abundance. Information regarding the environmental factors was also collected. Amphiprion omanensis was found with three species of host anemones, namely Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis crispa and H. magnifica.
Diversity of bacterial community associated with marine ascidians from Bidong Island, Terengganu
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-05) Nur Azna Saari
Microbial diversity has been well documented for many marine invertebrate taxa. However, little attention has been given to the examination of microbial–tunicates associations. In the present study, the microbial diversity of marine tunicates was assessed by using both culture-dependent and culture-independent method. Two species of tunicates from Clavelina sp. and Didemnum sp., have been collected from Bidong Island, Terengganu, during pre-monsoon (October) and post-monsoon seasons (May). Bacteria were isolated by serial dilutions and characterized based on colony and cell morphology.
Durability and effectiveness of coconut fronds from different growth distance from the sea as attractors for fish aggregating devices (FADs)
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-09) Hafinuddin
Traditional fishermen use coconut fronds (Cocos nucifera) as attractors in fish aggregating devices (FADs) to attract and aggregate fish in the sea. The durability of coconut frond attractors has become an important criteria to minimize the maintenance cost and also to protect the amount of fish around FADs. However, information on how coconut trees from different locations affect the durability of coconut fronds and its impact on fish quantity is still lacking. In addition, the hypothesis explained that the existence of fish around floating objects (FADs) could be related to the habit of spawning aggregation in FADs.
Effect Of Different Light Regime On Phycobiliprotein Production From Some Cyanobacteria Species Found In Setiu
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2018) Siti Suhada Binti Suleiman
Phycobiliproteins present in cyanobacteria is the major light harvesting pigments which consists of chromophores (bilin) that are attached to cysteine residue of the apoprotein in cyanobacteria. They elicits high active natural biochemical compound, eligible for various application in medical as well as in aquaculture industry. Varying physiochemical parameters especially light, affect photosynthesis and thereby the growth of cyanobacteria as well as the phycobiliprotein content present in them. Present study focused on optimizing light regime to produce maximum phycobiliprotein from potential cyanobacteria. Three species of cyanobacteria, marine Geitlerinema sp., freshwater Leptolyngbya boryana and Pseudanabaena mucicola, were selected and cultured in four different light regime which were; (i) 24 hours artificial light (24 AL), (ii) 12 hours artificial light and 12 hours sunlight (12 AL: 12 SL), (iii) 12 hours artificial light and 12 hours dark (12 AL: 12 D), 12 hours sunlight and 12 hours dark (12 SL: 12 D). Prior to light regime experiment, growth curve for each species in every light regime had been carried out to obtain the stationary phase. Results showed that among the species, Pseudanabaena mucicola cultured under 12 AL: 12 D has a significantly higher (P<0.05) total phycobiliprotein production (149.96 ± 1.4 mg g -1 ) with a significantly high (P<0.05) purity ratio for phycocyanin (0.92 ± 0.02), allophycocyanin (0.58 ± 0.01), phycoerythrin (0.43 ± 0), compared to the other light regime. Leptolyngbya boryana cultured in 12 AL: 12 D had a lower total phycobiliprotein production (15.07 ± 0.6 -1 mg g ) with a significantly low purity ratio for phycocyanin (0.08 ± 0), allophycocyanin (0.05 ± 0.01) and phycoerythrin (0.07 ± 0). In addition, protein of the phycobiliprotein from Pseudanabaena mucicola showed a significantly higher concentration (P<0.05) under 12 AL: 12 SL (3.06 ± 0.2 mg mL -1 ) compared to the other light regime.
Effect of entada rheedii's extract on argulus japonicus from goldfish
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-01) Nurulhuda Mahmood
Goldfish is a familiar ornamental fish in Malaysia. The culture and breeding of goldfish has contributed to the country economy through import and export activities. However, the major problem of goldfish is the parasite infection which is mainly from the ectoparasite such as Argulus sp. High infection of Argulus sp. on goldfish leads to increase mortality of fish. In order to decrease the Argulus sp. infection, extract of Entada rheedii was tested to treat Argulus infection on goldfish. Extract of E. rheedii was used traditionally as a shampoo due to its saponin content that can eradicate the hair lice. The main objective of this study were to examine Argulus sp. that infect on goldfish in Perak and also their life cycle stages in captivity from egg to adult stage. The next objective was to study the survival rate of goldfish and Argulus sp. after exposure with E. rheedii plant extract. Parasite identification was done based on the morphological approach by compound and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For life cycle, observation a hand full of Argulus were maintained in a freshwater aquarium with temperature set at 30°C.
Effect of natural diets on ovarian maturation and their relationship with hepatopancreas of female orange mud crab, scylla olivacea (HERBST, 1796) in cultured condition
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2017) Aaqillah Amr Mohd Amran
Lacking of information on crab nutritional requirement restricts the reproduction of crabs in aquaculture. The study focused on the effect of feeding diets; scadfish and squid on the ovarian maturation of female orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. 20 individuals of immature female crabs with 10 individuals at each treatment were captivated for 60 days with ambient water parameters (salinity: 28 – 30 ppt; temperature: 28 – 30 °C; pH: 7.0 – 8.0). 30 individuals of control crabs were also collected from wild. Both captive (scadfish-fed and squid-fed) and wild caught crabs were dissected for morphological, histological, and biochemical analysis on ovary and hepatopancreas. Based on morphological and histological analysis on ovary, the GSI and oocyte size were significantly increased across the ovarian maturation stage. For biochemical analysis, high percentage of SAFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs in both ovary and hepatopancreas of wild caught and captive crabs suggested their importance in delivering energy for reproduction.
Effect of water salinity on ovarian maturation stages and 17 b-estradiol levels on fermale orange mud crab, scylla olivacea (HERBST, 1796) in captivity
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-10) Amin Safwan Adnan
The present study was designed to focus on the effect of water salinity (10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt) on ovarian maturation stages and 17 β-estradiol levels on female orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea in captivity. Scylla olivacea were sampled from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (5°31'23.1"N 102°55'56.1"E) from July to September 2015. Ovarian maturation stages were determined through colouration, Gonad Somatic Index (GSI), oocyte diameter and oocyte structure, all collected for analyzation at every 15 days throughout 60 days of culture period (Individual aquarium: 36cm x 22cm x 21 cm; Salinity: 10 ppt, 20 ppt, 30 ppt; Temperature: 27-29oC; Light intensity: ambient; Diet intake: Selaroides leptolepis at 10% body weight, every days, twice daily, at 0900 hrs and 1700 hrs), while the reproductive hormone levels 17 β-estradiol in the hemolymph were measured through Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Morphologically, as the ovary develop, the colour start to change from translucent or whitish in colour and sometimes creamy to pale yellow, followed by light orange and lastly reddish orange.
Effects of 17a-hydroxyprogesterone and 17a-hydroxypregnenolone hormones on the ovarian maturation of orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea (herbst, 1976)
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-02) Muhammad Farouk Harman
The mud crab, Scylla olivacea is sought as delicacy because their flesh is tasty and has high quality. For this reason, the crab possesses good commercial value in Malaysia. This investigation focused on S. olivacea ovarian maturation after the introduction of steroid-based hormones i.e.

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