Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Sosial dan Ekonomi..

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Browsing Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Sosial dan Ekonomi.. by Title

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    Amalan Dan Cabaran Pengurusan Biodiversiti Hutan Oleh Pihak Berkepentingan: Kajian Kes Di Tasik Kenyir
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2019) Sidik, Norhidayu
    Kebanyakan negara membangun termasuklah Malaysia, pihak kerajaan sebagai sebahagian daripada pihak berkepentingan telah memberikan komitmen yang tinggi untuk mengurus dan menangani isu biodiversiti hutan. Bagi kajian kes biodiversiti di Tasik Kenyir, matlamat utama kajian adalah untuk meneroka amalan pengurusan biodiversiti hutan oleh pihak kerajaan. Khususnya, ia bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang bentuk mekanisme pelaksanaan peraturan regulatif yang diamalkan di Malaysia. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti fungsi aktor formal dan tidak formal serta untuk mengenal pasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh aktor-aktor ini. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan teori analisis institusional dan pembangunan (AIP) dan data primer dikumpulkan dengan menemu bual sembilan orang informan yang terdiri daripada kakitangan kerajaan di negeri Terengganu. Di samping itu, data sekunder juga diperoleh daripada dokumen rasmi kerajaan dan laman sesawang rasmi kerajaan serta bukan kerajaan. Analisis kajian menunjukkan terdapat tiga bentuk mekanisme peraturan regulatif pengurusan biodiversiti hutan yang diamalkan di Tasik Kenyir. Amalan pengurusan tersebut merangkumi bidang kuasa domestik pada peringkat negeri dan persekutuan serta bidang kuasa antarabangsa pada peringkat antarabangsa. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa fungsi aktor formal terbahagi kepada fungsi politik dan fungsi agensi.
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    Analisis kekukuhan teori Okun dan Philips bagi negara Asia terpilih
    (Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-10) Ang Syh Han
    Ekonomi rantau Asia telah mengalami pertumbuhan pesat dalam beberapa dekad yang lalu, akan tetapi isu pengangguran dan kadar inflasi masih tidak mampu di kawal oleh pihak kerajaan menggunakan dasar fiskal dan monetari. Isu ini boleh diperjelaskan menggunakan teori tradisional Okun dan Phillips yang menterjemahkan hubungan negatif di antara kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengangguran; dan hubungan antara pengangguran dan kadar inflasi.
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    Analisis Pasaran Sukuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Malaysia
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-08) Norashikin Bt Draman @ Wahab
    Keupayaan sektor kewangan untuk terus maju ke hadapan untuk mencapai pelbagai manfaat daripada persekitaran yang berdaya saing mampu membentuk sistem kewangan yang lebih cekap dan stabil. Ini merupakan prasyarat yang penting bagi sektor kewangan dalam usaha ke arah transformasi ekonomi Malaysia. Ini dapat digambarkan dengan peningkatan permintaan bagi produk kewangan yang diperkenalkan. Salah satu produk kewangan yang semakin mendapat perhatian dalam kalangan kalangan masyarakat adalah sukuk. Kajian ini melihat perspektif makroekonomi di antara pertumbuhan sukuk dan ekonomi. Berdasarkan kepada kerangka penentu sukuk, kajian ini mengenal pasti faktor penentu kepada penerbitan sukuk serta mengkaji hubungan siri masa di antara pasaran sukuk dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bagi mengkaji hubungan siri masa berdasarkan Restricted Error Correction Model (RECM) dan Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM). Data kajian bermula sukuan pertama tahun 2001 sehingga sukuan keempat tahun 2010. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan wujud hubungan siri masa di antara sukuk dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek.
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    An analysis of the relationship between performance, financial and operational risks in Tanzanian commercial banks
    (Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-04) Zuhura Mohamed Abdullah
    Studies on performance and risks of Tanzanian commercial banking have become a very important issue since they started to experience challenges after liberalisation. From an empirical viewpoint, very few studies were done on performance, especially on stochastic frontier with profitability.
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    An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Performance, Financial And Operational Risks In Tanzanian Commercial Banks
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016-04) Zuhura Mohamed Abdallah
    Studies on performance and risks of Tanzanian commercial banking have become a very important issue since they started to experience challenges after liberalisation. From an empirical viewpoint, very few studies were done on performance, especially on stochastic frontier with profitability. Studies on the relationship between performance and risks are also very limited, and there is lack of study on indirect influence of the instrument to performance and risks. This study aims to examine the commercial banks‟ performance, simultaneous influence of the risks and performance and indirect influence of the instruments to performance and risks. The performance under examination is stochastic cost and revenue frontier, and return on assets and equity while risks are financial and operational. Instrumental variable estimation is utilised to solve simultaneous equations. Afterward, derivatives are applied to find indirect influence of instruments to performance and risks. Using 21 commercial banks from 2003 to 2012, the results of the study prove that profitability is unstable where stochastic cost performance declines where stochastic revenue performance increases for an individual bank over the years. Results also prove that small, foreign and private banks have lower profitability than large, local and government banks. Large, foreign and government banks are more revenue efficient than small, local and private banks; small, foreign and private banks are more cost inefficient than large, local and government banks. Moreover, the results verify performance and risks have a simultaneous relationship.
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    Assessing The Mediating Effect Of Teacher's Job Satisfaction On The Relationship Between Leadership Behaviour, Work-Life Enrichment And Teacher's Quality
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2019) W. Liah, Wan Nurfarahiyah
    Penekanan kepada kualiti guru adalah penting untuk meningkatkan dan mengekalkan pencapaian pelajar dalam ujian antarabangsa seperti Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Program In International Student Assessment (PISA). Sebanyak 50 peratus guru yang dinilai didapati tidak menyampaikan pedagogi yang memuaskan. Justeru, pelbagai inisiatif telah dilaksanakan untuk melahirkan guru berkualiti tinggi. Antara inisiatif yang dilaksanakan adalah memperkenalkan Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi dan Sekolah Amanah dengan memberi kuasa autonomi kepada pengetua dalam menguruskan ha! pentadbiran sekolah. Faktor budaya kerja dan kepimpinan sekolah yang cemerlang dikatakan dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja dan pengkayaan kehidupan-kerja guru-guru. Dengan menggunakan teori Path Goal dan Job Demand Resources, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pemboleh ubah dan kesan antara pengantaraan kepuasan kerja dengan tingkah laku kepimpinan dan pengkayaan kehidupan-kerja terhadap kualiti guru bagi kedua-dua sekolah tersebut.
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    CEO masculinity, characteristics and earnings management in Malaysia
    (Fakulti Perniagaan, Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Sosial, 2022) Tamer Hamada Abdel Wakel Elsheikh
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    COMMITMENT TO ETHICS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLES OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
    (UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, 2020) AHMAD FIRDHAUZ BIN ZAINUL ABIDIN
    The lack of ethical transparency signals that Malaysian companies suffer from unethical practices that can impact company value thus raises the concern of information asymmetry and effective monitoring mechanisms. Drawing from the agency theory, this study examines the relationship between companies’ ethical commitment disclosure proxied by ethical commitment index (ECI), and financial performance (ROA, ROE, EPS, MVA, PE-ratio, and logTOBINq) among Malaysian publicly listed companies. The introduction of the Malaysian Code of Institutional Investors (MCII) motivated this study to examine the moderating role of institutional investors on the relationship between ethical commitment disclosure and financial performance among Malaysian publicly listed companies. This study developed the ECI based on prior literature and the recommendations of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG). The content analysis of the annual reports of 1115 companies found a slight increment in the level of ECI. However, poor disclosures on implementation of a code of ethics, whistleblowing, disciplinary actions, and ethics committee. Panel data analyses of 1115 companies on Bursa Malaysia from year 2012 to 2016 found that higher ECI is associated with higher company performance. Institutional investors as the moderator weakens the relationship between ECI and performance. Further analyses found that pressure-sensitive investors do not influence the relationship between ECI and performance.
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    CORPORATE SHORT-TERMISM IN MALAYSIA: INVESTOR EFFECTS, MANAGERIAL INFLUENCE AND QUARTERLY FINANCIAL REPORTING
    (UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, 2021) SAED AHMED SULUB
    The debate over corporate short-termism behavior has been recently growing from academic and policy perspectives. Major business stakeholders who are often blamed for the short-termist behavior are investors, managers and regulatory policymakers. On one hand, the study tests the effect of investors and managers on short-termism behavior, using data from 220 listed companies and fixed-effects panel regression.
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    COUNSELLING EXPERIENCE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN DEALING WITH HEALTH, SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
    (UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, 2021) TUAN NORBALKISH TUAN ABDULLAH
    HIV counselling is one of the services provided in HIV treatment and care to support people living with HIV (PLHIV) in dealing and coping with HIV infection. In Malaysia, HIV counselling has been provided for more than 20 years in HIV care and treatment, but, there are still lack of studies about the impact of the service. Therefore, there is a need to study the issues related to HIV treatment and care among PLHIV. This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of PLHIV and how they cope with HIV in engaging with the counselling sessions provided as apart of the HIV treatment. This study was conducted at two public hospitals in Malaysia that provide treatment for HIV patients. A total of 12 PLHIV were selected by purposive sampling, all of whom participated in semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews, which were supported with non-participant observations and diary entries on three occasions for each participant. The interviews and diaries were transcribed and analysed using the grounded theory approach, which was assisted by utilizing NVIVO-8 to identify the themes related to the experiences of the participants. The results showed that PLHIV experienced health problems and social struggles, which contributed to the psychological challenges in continuing their lives with HIV infection.
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    Determinants Of External Auditors’ Whistleblowing Intentions In Malaysia
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2020) Tuan Mansor, Tuan Mastiniwati
    The issue of whistleblowing has gained more attention over the years, by reason of an increasing number of corporate scandals within and outside Malaysia. Despite extensive research undertaken on this issue globally, there is lack of empirical studies in the Malaysian context, especially whistleblowing in the auditing profession. Therefore, the study examined the whistleblowing intention of external auditors in Malaysia and the factors influencing this intention. The study adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a grounded theory by developing a multi-component model of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. The study proposed professional factors of professional commitment and independence commitment, which were hypothesized to be key factors in intention to whistleblow among external auditors. These factors were incorporated with perceived organizational support as an organizational factor. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was sent by post to external auditors throughout Malaysia. Participants were selected using a convenience non-probability sampling technique. A total of 274 responses were analysed. SmartPLS version 3.2.8 was used to test the relationships between the constructs. The results confirmed that professional factors can increase external auditors to whistleblow. Professional commitment, independence commitment, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control had a positive influence on whistleblowing intention. However, attitude and perceived organizational support did not support the relationship with whistleblowing intention.
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    THE DETERMINANTS OF ISLAMIC BANK NET PROFIT MARGIN: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2021) MAISYARAH BINTI STAPAH @ SALLEH
    As a higher net profit margin (NPM) is typically connected to higher financing and lower deposit rates, the NPM level established by Islamic banks [following the maslahah (benefit) element] should protect the benefits of banks, borrowers, and depositors. As such, this research investigated the NPM determinants in Malaysian Islamic banking between 2008 and 2017. Resultantly, the Malaysian Islamic bank NPM was positively associated with bank-specific variables (risk aversion or RA, operating cost or OC, and liquidity or LQ). On another note, saving deposit or SAV, fixed deposit or FD, gross domestic product growth or GDP Growth, and inflation or INF adversely influenced NPM. Additionally, the effect of several financing contracts on NPM revealed that only the bai bithaman ajil (BBA) financing contract was substantially connected to NPM. The second research objective implied that the net interest margin (NIM) of conventional parent banks proved insignificant to the Islamic bank NPM. Objectives 1 and 2 were assessed with static panel data, while the remaining objectives were evaluated using either an independent t-test or the Mann Whitney test. As for objective 3, a difference was identified in the NPM charged by Islamic subsidiary and full-fledged Islamic banks where Islamic subsidiary banks imposed lower NPM (on average) than the full-fledged counterparts. Regarding objective 4, a difference was identified in the NPM charged by foreign Islamic and domestic Islamic banks where foreign Islamic banks imposed a higher (on average) NPM than domestic Islamic counterparts. Summarily, the variables affecting NPM need to be controlled by the Islamic banks in order to attain the maslahah (benefit) of all parties. Bank-specific variables also contributed to the NPM differences offered by the subsidiary, full-fledged, domestic, and foreign Islamic banks. In this vein, Islamic banks needed to develop NPM from an Islamic viewpoint based on the fundamental theory (Contract Theory or CT). This research also outlined how the variables originated from a combination of several theories facilitating the current NPM theory.
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    THE DETERMINANTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RENEWABLE ENERGY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN ASEAN-4 COUNTRIES
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2021) HASNISAH BINTI AZILAH
    Economic growth highly depends on energy from conventional sources which is, unfortunately among the major factors that triggers environmental pollution. Energy demand is continuously increasing and eventually may lead to the depletion of resources. Renewable energy is an alternative to accommodate the current demand and it is more environmentally friendly. This analyzes the extent to which determinants can affect the use of renewable electricity consumption in Malaysia from 1980 until 2014 using Johansen-Juselius co-integration approach. The empirical findings reveal that GDP per capita and trade openness encourage renewable electricity consumption; carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, electricity consumption from fossil fuels and oil prices have negative implications on renewable electricity consumption. Next, this study examines the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by incorporating hydroelectricity consumption and trade openness in Malaysia from 1980 until 2014 via autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing. GDP was found to be positively significant in explaining CO2 emissions in the long- and short-run but the EKC hypothesis cannot be confirmed. The long-run estimates show that hydroelectricity is insignificant on CO2 emissions while trade openness has positive impact on the environmental quality. Furthermore, hydroelectricity and trade openness are positively significant on CO2 emissions in the short-run. Finally, this study investigates the short- and long-run dynamic causality relationship between renewable electricity consumption, economic growth and environmental quality in ASEAN-4 countries over 35-year period using panel co-integration and Granger causality. The empirical evidence exhibits unidirectional causality running from renewable electricity consumption to CO2 emissions, GDP per capita, renewable electricity and real exports to real imports in the short-run. Additionally, a unidirectional causality from emissions, income, conventional energy used, real exports and imports to renewable electricity used in the long-run also exists. In conclusion, there are various determinants affecting renewable electricity consumption in different ways, and hydroelectricity consumption is insufficient to reduce pollution in Malaysia. Moreover, the conservation hypothesis is supported in ASEAN-4 countries. In this case, government needs to improve energy efficiency and develop suitable policies related to renewable energy to mitigate climate change.
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    THE DEVELOPMENT AND ROLE OF FELDA TOWARDS SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES OF FELDA JENGKA SETTLERS, 1967-1997
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2021) Yusri Bin A Ghani
    The study was conducted to analyse the role and contribution of FELDA agencies in changing the socio-economics status of the FELDA Jengka Triangle settlers, Pahang from the early days of its inception in 1967 to the dissolution in 1997.
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    DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE AUDIT ENVIRONMENT: THE EFFECT OF FRAUD RISK ASSESSMENT AND AUDITORS’ INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE ON AUDIT QUALITY
    (UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, 2021) KHALED ISAM AL-QATAMIN
    Studies in Dysfunctional Audit Behaviours (DAB) demonstrate the negative effects on Audit Quality (AQ), particularly Premature Sign-Offs (PMSOs). According to the findings, auditors with a lack of industry knowledge tend to engage in Premature Sign- Offs, which, ultimately, affects their opinion on the financial statement. Furthermore, an audit is considered successful when the auditors are capable of assessing fraud risk and detecting fraud in the financial statement. Thus, this study examines two objectives. It examine the relationship between fraud risk assessment and auditors’ industry knowledge on audit quality in the Jordanian audit firms. It is significant to mention here that no investigation has been done to date that has simultaneously examined audit quality from the perspective of dysfunctional behaviour linked to auditors' industry knowledge and fraud risk assessment. Additionally, most of the relevant literature is derived from developed countries. This study fills the gap in the literature investigating the effect of fraud risk assessment and auditors' industry knowledge from the behaviour perspective – Premature Sign-offs. A quantitative research approach and an experimental study was adopted involving the use of a questionnaire response (gathered from 144 Jordanian external auditors) to collect the data by hand. These participants were currently working in either Big-Four or non-Big Four firms in Jordan. The responses were analysed using IBM-SPSS, ANOVA, and ANCOVA to test the effect of fraud risk assessment and auditors’ industry knowledge on audit quality.
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    ECONOMIC VALUATION OF DOMESTIC WATER SERVICES IN TERENGGANU
    (UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, 2021-12) NUR SYUHADA CHE IBRAHIM
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    The Effect Of Corporate Governance, Bank Characteristics And Macroeconomic Factors On Bank Credit Risk: Evidence From The Arabian Peninsula
    (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2020) Al-Magharem, Abdulkarem Ali Saleh
    Banks are highly opaque, heavily regulated, intervened by government, and driven by information asymmetry and agency problems, which differentiate them from non• financial firms and underline the need for more distinct analysis. Recently, the banking sector has suffered from credit risk, which is the main cause of financial crisis and bank failure, and it has been proposed that corporate governance may enhance risk management and mitigate credit risk. Thus, this study attempts to examine the relationship between corporate governance, bank characteristics, and the macroeconomic factors, and credit risk by employing panel data regression. The random effects model is performed to examine the data of listed banks in the Arabian Peninsula countries, in which the final sample reaches 306 bank-years. The statistical outcome of this study reveals that effective corporate governance in terms of the segregation of the duties of the role of the chief executive officer (CEO) and the chairman of the board is associated with higher credit risk measured by non• discretionary loan loss provisions.
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