Project Report

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3D visualization for estuary of River Kuala Terengganu
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2012) Sim Eik Ee
The project is about 3D visualized the land terrain and bottom profile for estuaries of River Kuala Terengganu. With the advancement of technologies, new softwares are created by engineers to visualize the real world in 3D format. For this project, Fledermaus 3D was used to mimic the topography of estuary River Kuala Terengganu and also surrounding land area. Due to lack of 3D model in Kuala Terengganu, this project is to provide reference point for further application and monitoring in an effective and manageable way. There are several dataset included which are bathymetry data of estuary, Digital Surface Model and Digital Terrain Model of surrounding estuary as well as raster image. The raster image captured on 23th September 2009 by SPOT, and reproduced by MACRES. Besides, the bathymetry data was sampled at year 2009. The DSM and DTM was purchase from Intermap Technologies year 2011. These data was combined and integrated to become a 3D model for further analysis.
Absorption of gamma radiation by white cement samples as an artificial tissue
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2008) Nur Kamal Hidayah Kamarulzaman
There are many bad effects when we are expose by gamma ray. Due to that cause, this project has been run in order to investigate which materials are most efficient for gamma absorption. In this research, the material being used is white cement as the sample being test and the experiments have been carried out in three conditions which are wets, half dry and dry cement. From the research, wet cements show the most efficiency in rate of absorption and it almost equal to the rate of absorption of flexi glass. This results prove that molecule of water are influence the rate of absorption. So that, sample which the highest rate of absorption is wet sample with the rate of absorption is 0.27. In future, in order to produce better obstruction of gamma ray, white cement can be added with aluminium because the absorption rate of aluminium and white cement is good.
The Abudance and diversity of phytoplankton in selected mangrove areas in Kustem
(Terengganu: Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, 2006) Hasnul Khatimah Abdul Manaf
Phytoplankton abundance and diversity in selected mangrove areas in KUSTEM were examined before monsoon (August) and during monsoon (November) 2005.
Abundance and composition of firefly population (coeoptera;lampyridae) in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu with their potetial food preference
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Aima Jamal
Fireflies occurance in the mangrove is considered as value added for ecotourism. A recent study in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu revealed that Pteroptyx malaccae (Coleptera: Lampyridae) was the only species occured; with found to be at peak abundance at 2100 to 2300 hrs observed from September to December 2006. In this study, fireflies were caught using insect net and laboratory work such as identification also was done.
The abundance and diversity of butterfly communities (insecta:lepidoptera) in Sungai Tersat, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Siti Badariah Jemain
utterfly has been identified as important ecological indicator organisms for assessing biodiversity and for monitoring ecosystem responses to environment. This study was conducted to determine the abundance and diversity of butterfly communities and to investigate the interaction between the butterfly species with microhabitats preference in Sungai Tersat, Hulu Terengganu. It was carried out within four months, from August until November 2006. Three stations were selected and butterflies were captured randomly by using insect net. A total of 110 butterflies comprising of 40 species from five families were recorded. The most dominant family with the highest number of individuals was Pieridae (53 individuals). However, Nymphalidae contributed the highest number of species (20 species) at all stations. Leptosia nina was the most dominant species collected (25.45%), followed by Eurema lacteola (10.91%) and Ypthima baldus (8.18%). Leptosia nina was mostly occurred in riparian area and they were feeble in flight. Riparian area was microhabitat preferred by most of the butterflies. There was strongly significant correlation between relative humidity to the assemblage of this community. The capture rate varied within sampling months due to climate and seasonal changes.
The abundance and diversity of dragonfly (insecta:odonata) community in Terengganu state and Tumpat Delta, Kelantan
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Rohaina Che Man
A total of 232 individuals belonging to 50 species representing by eight families of odonates community were successfully recorded from Sungai Nerus, Sungai Jeneris, Sungai Kemat, Beluk:ar Bukit, Tumpat and Lata Tembakah. Generally, suborder Zygoptera was more abundance and diverse than Anisoptera. Nevertheless, Llbellulidae (Anisoptera) was the most dominant family followed by Chlorocyphidae (Zygoptera) while the rarest family that had been recorded was Corduliidae (Anisoptera) and Euphaeidae (Zygoptera). Crocothemis servilia (Family: Libellulidae) was found to be the most abundant species recorded in this study. Belukar Bukit was supported the most diversified species of odonates community compared to the other sites. The assemblages of odonates community were strongly associated to heterogeneity of microhabitats and natural biotopes structure which related to the presence of vegetation and the amount or concentration of light. Basically, Zygoptera were more preferred to perch at water surface or riparian area, which strictly to flowing water while Anisoptera were commonly found at open area. fhey were less active and hard to found at water surface or nparian areas.
Abundance and diversity of fish larvae around Pulau Redang, Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Siti Ariza Aripin
A study on the abundance and diversity of fish larvae at Pulau Redang Marine Park, Terengganu was conducted from 10 th nd June to 2 October 2002. A total of 4824 fish larvae were identified, representing 43 families that were captured using larval net. Mean density for day catch was 18.61±9.81 per 100m 3 , 41.27±53.36 per 100m 3 and 14.93±5.03 3 per 100m for June, August and October, respectively. Mean density for night catch was 40.99±28.21 per 100m 3 , 46.24±43.72 per IOOm 3 and 40.53±10.05 per 100m 3 for June, August and October, respectively. There was no clear pattern between sampling dates at any months and stations for abundance of fish larvae during sampling period. There was clear pattern of overall fish larval density between day and night obtained from this study except for station 4. The abundance of fish larvae indicates that it probably has a complex migration behavior and research should be done to understand more about fish larvae behavior. Three dominant families were observed throughout the sampling period namely Terapontidae, Gobiidae and Engraulidae. There were 21 commercially important families of fish larvae identified such as Serranidae, Bothidae, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Cynoglossidae, Hemiramphidae, Scrombridae, Labridae, and Nemipteridae. The presence of fish larvae especially the commercially important families in Pulau Redang Marine Park indicates that the role of this island as a marine park is essential in protecting and conserving coral reef ecosystem as a breeding ground for fish.
The abundance and diversity of phytoplankton at Kuala Terengganu coastal waters, Terengganu
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2016) Alifah Ilyana Mohd Husni
The diversity, abundance and distribution of phytoplankton along Kuala Terengganu coastal waters have been sampled from 11 th th until 14 June 2015. The phytoplankton samples have been collected within range 8 - 52 meters from the water surface. Water sample (L) was collected and filtered through 60 µm mesh size plankton net. Filtered phytoplankton sample was concentrated to 150 mL and preserved with 10% formalin solution. Identification of phytoplankton to the genus level and cell counting using Lackey's method was done under light microscope. Calculation was done for density (cells/L), diversity index and evenness index. Phytoplankton density was counted using Lackey's method. About 31 genera were present from all of the sampling samples. Phylum Bacillariophyta was the most abundant. Most of abundant phytoplankton genera present were Trichodesmium, Bacteriastrum, Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Thalassionema, Guinardia, Coscinodiscus and Ceratium.
Abundance and species diversity of prawns in Kuching Wetlands National Park
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Samantha Kwan
A study on the abundance and species diversity of prawns in selected mangrove creeks in the Kuching Wetlands National Park was conducted during the non monsoon and monsoon (September and November 2006) respectively. The study was done in five creeks namely Sg. Sibu, Sg. Jebung Lurus, Radak, Sg. Besar and Sg. Seberang Rumah. Cast net was used and the number of time the net thrown was standardized to 15 times along each river. This study aim to investigate prawns species diversity and abundance during non-monsoon and monsoon period. Water parameters such as temperature, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH for each station were recorded. The result of this study shows that, there were seven species of prawns identified; two species from the first sampling (non monsoon) and five species from the sampling conducted during the monsoon season. The study also revealed that the prawn species from the family Penaeidae dominated all the five study sites especially Penaeus indicus. Species diversity and evenness index of prawns were higher in monsoon compare to non-monsoon season. Macrobrachium equidens (Palaemonidae) and Acetes sp. (Sergestidae)
The abundance of fungus associated with mangrove community in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
(Terengganu: Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, 2006) Nur Shadilla Mohammad
A total of 57 species of fungus were recorded in this study including 27 unidentified species were collected from four types of substrates which were woody, root, leaves and Nypa(palmae).
Abundance, diversity and distribution of dipterocarp at Bukit Bauk Forest, Dungun, Terengganu
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Nurhidayah Ishak
Study was conducted at Bukit Bauk Forest to assess the composition and structure of dipterocarp trees at three different elevations; lower, middle and higher (45m, 145m and 345m a.s.l.). The objectives of this study are to determine the abundance and diversity of dipterocarp forest at Bukit Bauk Forest and to determine the structure of the dipterocarp forest at Bukit Bauk Forest. The 20 x 50m plot method was performed to determine the composition of dipterocarp with parameters such as Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), height, stem structure and canopy layer. Result showed that 45 dipterocarp species from five genera were recorded at the study site.
Accidents and near misses at northport (Malaysia) berhad water area
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2011) Syanurhadi Arsat
Northport (Malaysia) Berhad is one of the busiest ports in Malaysia. Northport (Malaysia) Berhad is located at Straits of Malacca, which is one of the busiest waterways in the world. Much has been talked about improving the safety and reduces number of accidents and near misses in Northport (Malaysia) Berhad water area. However, most often very few studies have investigated on the factors that contributing to accidents and near misses. This study was done in order to analyze and determine the factors that contribute to accidents and near misses at Northport (Malaysia) water area. Due to privacy that secure by Northport, it is hard for researcher to get the information about the accidents and near misses that happened at Northport water area. Data was collected from Marine Department at Northport (Malaysia) Berhad for analysis number of accidents and near misses within 8 years. For the results, factors that most contributing to accidents and near misses were human error followed by mechanical error and others error. This study also highlighted the actions taken after accidents and near misses happened.
Accumulation of heavy metals in Avicennia marina and Bruguiera cylindrica of Setiu and Kuantan
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Goh, Patricia Blair
Avicennia marina and Bruguiera cylindrica leaves, barks, roots and sediments samples were collected from Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forests which then analyzed for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The roots of B. cylindrica showed the highest concentration of each metal (Cd = 0.143μglg; Cu = 4.97 μg/g; Pb = 1.47 μg/g; Zn = 22.68 μgig) in Setiu and A. marina roots (Cd = 0.079 μgig; Cu = 4.93 μg/g; Pb = 2.31 ug/g; Zn = 23.42 pg/g) in Kuantan. Concentration factor results showed that A. marina had a higher degree of metals' storage compare to B. cylindrica of heavy metals which indicate that A. marina accumulates more metals. Heavy metals concentration in sediment of Kuantan mangroves is higher than Setiu. Respectively, the metals level in the mangrove plants was under the surrounding sediment's metal levels but above natural level of metal uptake by plants. The high level uptake of metals by both mangrove species indicates that there was metals contamination in the mangrove area. The success of A. marina and B. cylindrica in both Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forest most likely due to the plants' ability to actively avoid uptake of metals, even when sediment concentrations were high.
Accumulation of heavy metals in mangrove species of Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forest
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Rina Sharlinda Zabri
The focus of this study is to determine the heavy metal (Cd,Cu,Mn,Pb and Zn) concentration levels in mangrove parts of Sonneratia alba and Rhizopora apiculata and its sediments from Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forest. Accumulations of the heavy metals were very much concentrated in the roots of both species. The concentration of the elements detected in roots showed the highest reading in both the study areas and species. It was also found that all heavy metals detected in the mangrove parts showed a positive coITelation with the elements accumulation in the sediments. Factors affecting the accumulation of heavy metals in mangrove species vary according to the characteristics of the study area; they are pH, clays and oxides, oxidation and reduction, organic matter and uptake mechanisms. Through this research, Sonneratia alba and Rhizopora apiculata showed positive tolerance towards all the elements and the concentration rate varies according to the type of element. The value of concentration factor proved that Rhizopora apiculata can store or absorb more heavy metals than Sonneratia alba. Through the research, it is known that the mangrove parts can be a bioindicator in order to identify the heavy metals present in a certain area.
Accumulation of heavy metals in seagrasses (Halodule pinfolia and Halophila minor in Setiu wetland, Terengganu
(Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, 2003-03-08) Noraifaa Abdullah Sani
Seagrass and sediment samples were collected from four stations in Setiu Wetland
Accumulation of lead in lampam jawa (Puntius gonionotus, Blk)
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1983-08) Rohani Ibrahim
The accumulation of lead in various organs of Lampam Jawa(Puntius gonionotus) was studied as a function of different lead concentrations. Aquarium tanks of 70 liters capacity were used in holding the fishes with 20 fishes in each tank.
Accumulation of mercury in ikan lampan jawa (Puntius gonionotus)
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1983-08) Mohamed Pauzi Abdullah
Eighty fishes, Puntius gonionotus, of weights ranging from 14.0 to 39-6 grams were used in the study. Twenty of them were exposed to low concentrations of mercury for three weeks in each tank containing 0 ppb (control), 0.36 ppb, 0.84 ppb,and 2.43 ppb Hg (as HgCl^) respectively. The mercury content in the control fish were not detected at all times.
Acoustic emission characterization of pitting corrosion in crude oil storage tank
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Nurul A'in Ahmad Latif
The purpose of this study is to prove that acoustic emission is the non destructive test, which useful to detect the pitting corrosion in the crude oil storage tank. However, the electrochemical analysis is done to study the corrosion rate in the crude oil of various places. The crude oil is from Dulang, Bintulu, Miri Light, Tapis and Labuan. The electrochemical study has show that the corrosion rate of ASTM 516 grade 70 exposed to each various locations of crude oil was very low. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant effect of crude oil to the surface of ASTM 516 grade 70 steel as long as if there is no constituent aggressive anion present in crude oils. Simulation technique is done to prove that the acoustic emission able to detect the signal from pitting corrosion. This is done by applying the low voltage and low current on the specimen. Meanwhile, for the comparison between the acoustic emission signal and noise is done to identified and differentiate the amplitude range between them.
Acute Toxicity and Interaction of Nickel and Cheromium to Seabass (Lates calcarrifer. Bloch) Fingerlings.
(1998) Kennedy Aaron Aguol @ Kennedy Quak
The median lethal concentrations, LC50 of nickel and chromium were determined for sea bass (Lates calcarifer. Bloch) fingerlings at salinity 5, 15 and 30 ppt. The toxicity of nickel and chromium in various combinations, all summing up to one (1) toxic unit were also investigated
Adaptation and grwth of 10 days old larvae and 21 days old juveniles of patin bunga (Pangasius sutchi) in different salinity.
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Nurul Johanna Jemain
A study on adaptation and growth of 10 days old larvae and 21 days old juvenile of Patin bunga, Pangasius sutchi in different salinity was conducted. For adaptation by direct exposure experiment, 10 days old larvae and 21 days old juveniles were used, while adaptation and growth studies by gradual acclimatization process, IO days old larvae were used. Salinity used ranging from O ppt, 5 ppt, IO ppt, 15 ppt, 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt and 3 5 ppt. The result showed that the maximum salinity tolerance by direct exposure for 10 days old larvae was l 3ppt while for 21 days old juvenile was 16 ppt. By gradual acclimatization process, the larvae were able to adapt until 12 ppt. There was no significant difference in the interaction effect between size factor and salinity tolerance. There was also no significance difference in the interaction effect between growth factor and salinity concentration (p>0.05).

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