Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin

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3D visualization for estuary of River Kuala Terengganu
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2012) Sim Eik Ee
The project is about 3D visualized the land terrain and bottom profile for estuaries of River Kuala Terengganu. With the advancement of technologies, new softwares are created by engineers to visualize the real world in 3D format. For this project, Fledermaus 3D was used to mimic the topography of estuary River Kuala Terengganu and also surrounding land area. Due to lack of 3D model in Kuala Terengganu, this project is to provide reference point for further application and monitoring in an effective and manageable way. There are several dataset included which are bathymetry data of estuary, Digital Surface Model and Digital Terrain Model of surrounding estuary as well as raster image. The raster image captured on 23th September 2009 by SPOT, and reproduced by MACRES. Besides, the bathymetry data was sampled at year 2009. The DSM and DTM was purchase from Intermap Technologies year 2011. These data was combined and integrated to become a 3D model for further analysis.
Abundance and diversity of fish larvae around Pulau Redang, Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Siti Ariza Aripin
A study on the abundance and diversity of fish larvae at Pulau Redang Marine Park, Terengganu was conducted from 10 th nd June to 2 October 2002. A total of 4824 fish larvae were identified, representing 43 families that were captured using larval net. Mean density for day catch was 18.61±9.81 per 100m 3 , 41.27±53.36 per 100m 3 and 14.93±5.03 3 per 100m for June, August and October, respectively. Mean density for night catch was 40.99±28.21 per 100m 3 , 46.24±43.72 per IOOm 3 and 40.53±10.05 per 100m 3 for June, August and October, respectively. There was no clear pattern between sampling dates at any months and stations for abundance of fish larvae during sampling period. There was clear pattern of overall fish larval density between day and night obtained from this study except for station 4. The abundance of fish larvae indicates that it probably has a complex migration behavior and research should be done to understand more about fish larvae behavior. Three dominant families were observed throughout the sampling period namely Terapontidae, Gobiidae and Engraulidae. There were 21 commercially important families of fish larvae identified such as Serranidae, Bothidae, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Cynoglossidae, Hemiramphidae, Scrombridae, Labridae, and Nemipteridae. The presence of fish larvae especially the commercially important families in Pulau Redang Marine Park indicates that the role of this island as a marine park is essential in protecting and conserving coral reef ecosystem as a breeding ground for fish.
Abundance and species diversity of prawns in Kuching Wetlands National Park
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Samantha Kwan
A study on the abundance and species diversity of prawns in selected mangrove creeks in the Kuching Wetlands National Park was conducted during the non monsoon and monsoon (September and November 2006) respectively. The study was done in five creeks namely Sg. Sibu, Sg. Jebung Lurus, Radak, Sg. Besar and Sg. Seberang Rumah. Cast net was used and the number of time the net thrown was standardized to 15 times along each river. This study aim to investigate prawns species diversity and abundance during non-monsoon and monsoon period. Water parameters such as temperature, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH for each station were recorded. The result of this study shows that, there were seven species of prawns identified; two species from the first sampling (non monsoon) and five species from the sampling conducted during the monsoon season. The study also revealed that the prawn species from the family Penaeidae dominated all the five study sites especially Penaeus indicus. Species diversity and evenness index of prawns were higher in monsoon compare to non-monsoon season. Macrobrachium equidens (Palaemonidae) and Acetes sp. (Sergestidae)
Accidents and near misses at northport (Malaysia) berhad water area
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2011) Syanurhadi Arsat
Northport (Malaysia) Berhad is one of the busiest ports in Malaysia. Northport (Malaysia) Berhad is located at Straits of Malacca, which is one of the busiest waterways in the world. Much has been talked about improving the safety and reduces number of accidents and near misses in Northport (Malaysia) Berhad water area. However, most often very few studies have investigated on the factors that contributing to accidents and near misses. This study was done in order to analyze and determine the factors that contribute to accidents and near misses at Northport (Malaysia) water area. Due to privacy that secure by Northport, it is hard for researcher to get the information about the accidents and near misses that happened at Northport water area. Data was collected from Marine Department at Northport (Malaysia) Berhad for analysis number of accidents and near misses within 8 years. For the results, factors that most contributing to accidents and near misses were human error followed by mechanical error and others error. This study also highlighted the actions taken after accidents and near misses happened.
Accumulation of heavy metals in Avicennia marina and Bruguiera cylindrica of Setiu and Kuantan
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Goh, Patricia Blair
Avicennia marina and Bruguiera cylindrica leaves, barks, roots and sediments samples were collected from Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forests which then analyzed for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The roots of B. cylindrica showed the highest concentration of each metal (Cd = 0.143μglg; Cu = 4.97 μg/g; Pb = 1.47 μg/g; Zn = 22.68 μgig) in Setiu and A. marina roots (Cd = 0.079 μgig; Cu = 4.93 μg/g; Pb = 2.31 ug/g; Zn = 23.42 pg/g) in Kuantan. Concentration factor results showed that A. marina had a higher degree of metals' storage compare to B. cylindrica of heavy metals which indicate that A. marina accumulates more metals. Heavy metals concentration in sediment of Kuantan mangroves is higher than Setiu. Respectively, the metals level in the mangrove plants was under the surrounding sediment's metal levels but above natural level of metal uptake by plants. The high level uptake of metals by both mangrove species indicates that there was metals contamination in the mangrove area. The success of A. marina and B. cylindrica in both Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forest most likely due to the plants' ability to actively avoid uptake of metals, even when sediment concentrations were high.
Accumulation of heavy metals in mangrove species of Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forest
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Rina Sharlinda Zabri
The focus of this study is to determine the heavy metal (Cd,Cu,Mn,Pb and Zn) concentration levels in mangrove parts of Sonneratia alba and Rhizopora apiculata and its sediments from Setiu and Kuantan mangrove forest. Accumulations of the heavy metals were very much concentrated in the roots of both species. The concentration of the elements detected in roots showed the highest reading in both the study areas and species. It was also found that all heavy metals detected in the mangrove parts showed a positive coITelation with the elements accumulation in the sediments. Factors affecting the accumulation of heavy metals in mangrove species vary according to the characteristics of the study area; they are pH, clays and oxides, oxidation and reduction, organic matter and uptake mechanisms. Through this research, Sonneratia alba and Rhizopora apiculata showed positive tolerance towards all the elements and the concentration rate varies according to the type of element. The value of concentration factor proved that Rhizopora apiculata can store or absorb more heavy metals than Sonneratia alba. Through the research, it is known that the mangrove parts can be a bioindicator in order to identify the heavy metals present in a certain area.
Accumulation of lead in lampam jawa (Puntius gonionotus, Blk)
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1983-08) Rohani Ibrahim
The accumulation of lead in various organs of Lampam Jawa(Puntius gonionotus) was studied as a function of different lead concentrations. Aquarium tanks of 70 liters capacity were used in holding the fishes with 20 fishes in each tank.
Accumulation of mercury in ikan lampan jawa (Puntius gonionotus)
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1983-08) Mohamed Pauzi Abdullah
Eighty fishes, Puntius gonionotus, of weights ranging from 14.0 to 39-6 grams were used in the study. Twenty of them were exposed to low concentrations of mercury for three weeks in each tank containing 0 ppb (control), 0.36 ppb, 0.84 ppb,and 2.43 ppb Hg (as HgCl^) respectively. The mercury content in the control fish were not detected at all times.
Advantages of x-bow hull against conventional hull
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2012) Lionel Wong Zhi Liang
Due to the increase in international oil prices and higher operating expenses, a new design with less resistance hull against water is needed. To reduce the hull resistance, X-Bow hull is introduced. X-bow is claimed to have less resistance against water and better stability. This study is mainly concerned about the resistance of XBow against the conventional hull. The methodology to achieve the finding of resistance and has been presented. Basically, literature comparison between X-Bow hull and conventional hull has been done. This followed by data collection of offset table and lines plan. The data which has collected is used in MAXSURF version 13 PRO for simulation. From the result of simulation, some calculation of resistance of ship against water and has been carefully evaluated. Finally, the comparison has been done to ensure which has less resistance against water while sailing. Outcome of the X-bow hull is proven to have 14%less resistance as than the conventional hull.
Alat-alat jentera geladak semasa satu kajian
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1984-08) Raja Bidin Raja Hassan
Kertas projek ini merupakan laporan mengenai jentera-jentera geladak perikanan yang didapati di Daerah Kuala Terengganu. Jentera ini terdapat dalam berbagai bentuk dan mempunyai operasi yang berbeza. Kebanyakan operasinya melibatkan pengarauan (hauling)-kebel atau pukat bergantung pada keperluan. Kaedah mengaraunya diterangkan dengan lebih lanjut dalam bab operasi.
Alat-alat jentera geladak semasa satu kajian
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1984-08) Raja Bidin Raja Hassan
Kertas projek ini merupakan laporan mengenai jentera-jentera geladak perikanan yang didapati di Daerah Kuala Terengganu. Jentera ini terdapat dalam berbagai bentuk dan mempunyai operasi yang berbeza. Kebanyakan operasinya melibatkan pengarauan (hauling)-kebel atau pukat bergantung pada keperluan. Kaedah mengaraunya diterangkan dengan lebih lanjut dalam bab operasi.
Analisis komposisi tangkapan ikan pukat tunda dari Ekspedisi Matahari 1985
(Fakulti Pengajian Maritim dan Sains Marin, 1986-02) Zulkarnain Haron
Ekspedisi Matahari '85' merupakan satu siri penyelidikan saintifik di Zon Ekonomi Eks klusif Malaysia. Ekspedisi ini bermula pada 7 Mei 1985 dan tamat pada 16 Mei 1985.
An analysis of hatch success and hatch failure in in-situ an relocated nests of the green turtle, Chelonia Mydas in Chagar Hutang, Redang Island
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2007) Tamilselvi Veloo Kanoo
A total of 54 nests were excavated and analyzed from nests that had undergone incubation more than 60 days to determine the hatch success and hatch failure of green turtle nest at Chagar Hutang, Redang Island. Among those, 43 nests were in-situ nests while 11 nests were relocated nests. The latter were relocated when they were attacked by ants during incubation. The average hatch success at in-situ nests was 75.75% (n= 43, ±28.60) whereas the average hatch success in relocated nests was 68.33% (n= l l, ±42.41) both ranging from 0% to I 00% in values. Among the eggs that had been predated upon in in-situ nests, the main predator was ants, 58.49% followed by ghost crabs, 25.47%, maggot, 13.21 % and plant root with 2.83%. But in relocated nests the trend was different with ghost crabs being the main predator (49.23%) followed by maggot (26.15%) and ants, 24.62%. The relocated nests had no plant root infiltration (0%).
Analysis of potential ocean current energy of selected coastal area of Malaysia
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2012) Farmie Haripapbilah
The potential of selected area of Malaysia coastal was investigated to identify whether Malaysia has a potential to produce renewable energy from ocean, in particular in current energy. The analysis used the data from a device called Acoustic Wave and Acoustic Current (AWAC) that capture the current speed then by using a formulae, amount of energy was calculated. The deployment of AWAC was located at Terengganu Coastal area and Langkawi Island. The data was taken every three months, started from May 2011 to February 2012. From the analysis obtained, it shows that the average current speed and potential energy is 0.1836 mis and 6. 71 W/m2 respectively. It was found that Malaysia's coastal area has a low current speed thus the potential current energy produced is under the recommendation value which is 4 m/s. The study also indicates that the suitable position to get the optimum potential current energy is at intermediate level of water depth.
Analysis on the wave energy of Terengganu coastal area and Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2012) Hafizal Mustaffa
Nowadays 93% of world energy consumption relies on non renewable energy such as fuel, natural gas and coal. Fossil fuel that be burned is polluted to the atmosphere due to the combination of the gases that occurred continuously and it will cause negative effect to the environment and human itself. Diseases such as cancer and skin disease are the most well known as the effects from the polluted gases. To overcome this situation, development of renewable energy such as solar, wind and wave are intensified in many countries and also in Malaysia. Malaysia, which is country surrounded by water has a capability to develop energy converter using wave from ocean. Specialties of wave in Malaysia are it generates high current, strong wind and large scale of wave due to the monsoon season. This makes Malaysia has capability in producing wave energy as it alternative energy. The purpose of this study is to analyse on the wave energy ofTerengganu coastal area and Pulau Langkawi and to determine the potentiality of the areas in developing wave energy converter. Methods that will be used for data collection in this study are by sampling and data analysis of wave height and time peak at targeted locations using an instrument called AWAC (Acoustic Wave and Current Recorder). Non-sinusoidal energy flux equation will be used to determine the production of energy flux due to wave height and time peak. Expected result for this study is Terengganu coastal area and Pulau Langkawi will capable in developing wave energy converter.
Ant predation on green turtle nests and hatchlings at Chagar Hutang, Redang Island
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2011) Randymiller Marcus
In recent year, the hatching success of green turtles nest in Chagar Hutang had decreasing due to the high predation incidences by ant. From the first study of ant predation on turtle nest in Chagar Hutang in 2004 by Mr. Morita, the predation was become serious; it will lower the production of hatchling. Certainly, urgent study is needed in order to overcome the problem of ants at Chagar Hutang, Redang Island. In every, sea turtles conservation the main objective is to increase the hatching success of sea turtle nests so that it can replenish the depleted sea turtle population. Sampling was conducted from August to October 2010. Ant species were collected during nest check and preserved in 75% alcohol for species identification. A total of 60 food traps were set up on the vegetation area of Chagar Hutang in order to observe the effect of Optigard® ant gel bait on ant predation incidences. There were two ants' species; Dory/us sp and Pheidologeton sp was identified attacked green turtles nest in Chagar Hutang. Both ants were also observed attracted to the food trap. The ant predation rate during the study period was 35.0 % and most of the predation was on turtle eggs. Chagar Hutang was divided into 35 sectors, from east to west by SEATRU. Ants were present on most of the food trap in sector Oto 26, but not in sector 27 to 35.
Antibiofilm and antibacteria activities of marine sediment actinomycetes from Bidong Island Terengganu
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014) Maizatul Azrina Yaakob
The study of actinomycetes from marine sediment is essential in order to determine antibiofilm agents which ecosystem friendly. Good antibiofilm agents are which may inhibit formation of biofilm without killing the organism itself. Therefore as a preliminary investigation of this type of anti-biofilm, anti-bacteria bioassay was used to check the toxicity of the compound produces by the isolated actinomycetes. Hence, these studies were carried out to isolate Actinomycetes from marine sediment and determine their antibacterial and antibiofim activities. Then, the potential actinomycetes strains determined by 16S rRNA and morphology studies. From the present study, different actinomycetes strains (Label Actino 1-6) were recovered from marine sediment samples collected from Bidong Island, Terengganu.
Antimicrobial property and identification of bacteria in the mucus from the cloaca of green turtles(Chelonia mydas)
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2013) Sanisah Ayeb
This study was conducted in Chagar Hutang, Redang Island. Mucus samples secreted by the green turtle, Chelonia mydas during the oviposition process was collected using sterile universal bottles. The sediment samples surrounds the nesting area was also co!Jected. Mucus samples were brought back to the laboratory for screening of antimicrobial properties and also for identification of bacteria present. While the sediment sample was only analyse for the purpose of bacteria identification. Kirby-Bauer method was used to screen the antimicrobial properties in the mucus samples. No inhibition zone was observed meaning that there was no antimicrobial properties in the green turtle cloaca. On the other hand, the identification of bacteria present in the samples was first screened based on their morphological characteristics such as the shape, elevation, margin and also pigmentation. Once identified, the single pure colony was isolated for genotypic identification using the 16S rRNA (primers 63F and l 389R) cloning via Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR products were then run in 1.5% of agarose gel for the formation of band at 1400Kb. Purified PCR products were sent for sequencing at the First BASE Laboratories Sdn Bhd. Sequences obtained were analyze using Chromas, BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and search for sequence similarity using NCBI BLAST. The two different bacteria identified from the mucus samples are Shewanella haliotis and Pseudoalteromonas spongiae. While the bacteria that identified from the sediment was Vibrio hepatarius.
Application computer software and technology as measurement of Terengganu shipyards performance
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2012) Nor Suzela Anuar
Third industrial Master plan (IMP3) has identified shipbuilding industry as one of main strategic industry for countries development. However, local shipyards in general, have a limitation capabilities of shipbuilding and ship repairing, mostly specializing in low-value and small vessels. Local yards are confronted with many issues, including lack of qualified personal, high operational costs, low usage of technology, low application of computer software and face stiff competition from shipyards in countries such as Vietnam and Thailand. In order to make sure Malaysia's shipyards more competitive, some aspect was address in this research study, which are application computer software and technology in shipyards industry. Aims of this research is to identify status of computer software and technology application in Terengganu's shipyards. Beside, status performance of Terengganu's shipyards also was showed though project that have been done. To · support aims of this research, three methods was applied which are questionnaire, interview and observation. Based on survey that have been done, computer software and technology application is consider as highly application but unfortunately technical software application and advance technologies application is still behind compares to develop countries. Moreover, an issue and recommendations that were related towards application computer software and technologies in Terengganu's shipyards are highlighted.
Application of fused quickbird data to identify benthic habitat
(Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2010) Liow Yan Ling
Image fusion is a very important tool in remote sensing, as many Earth observation satellites provide both high-resolution panchromatic and low-resolution multispectral images (Yun Zhang et al., 2005). In this study, one of the image fusion technique is being used, which named pan-sharpening. Generally, pan-sharpening is the process of fusing a low resolution multispectral image with a high resolution panchromatic image to obtain a high resolution multispectral image (Moeller et al., 2008). Nowadays, many image fusion techniques have been developed to improve the spatial resolution, improve the geometric precision, enhanced the capabilities of features display, improve classification accuracy, enhance the capability of the change detection and replace or repair the defect of image data (Zhao, 2003 ). However, the available algorithms can hardly produce a satisfactory fusion result for QuickBird images. This study introduces the basic concepts and theory of image fusion method for benthic habitat mapping purpose. Indeed, this study discussed 3 types of pansharpening method (local regression transformation, colour space transformation and principal component transformation) by applying images into Idrisi Andes software. Doing mapping and geospatial analysis of benthic environments are particularly important because the subtidal seafloor environment is not readily viewed directly by eye. In other words, the complex relationships that exist among physical, biological, and chemical seafloor components require advanced, integrated analysis techniques to enable others to visualize patterns about benthic processes. In short, research in benthic environments relies heavily on remote sensing to collect effective data meanwhile fusion technique act as a very vital step to enhance the visual quality of data in remote sensing field. According to the study result, all the methods are found to improve resolution and the features present in the rnultispectral image. Local regression transformation is very efficient in presenting the dead coral compound ,;vhile the color space transfonnation are expert in showing the mixture area of sand and dead coral in the water. As for principal component transformation, it is better in performing coral compound and the mixture area of sand and coral in the water.

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