Institut Oseanografi
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Item Numerical modelling of coastal water movements(University College of Swansea, 1986-11) Mohd Nasir SaadonThe shallow water equations have been solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. Flow problems which can be classified as one-dimensional and two-dimensional are investigated.Item Mapping and distribution of the Kelantan delta mangroves using remote sensing and ground data(Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, 2003-10) Kasawani IbrahimMangrove forest ecosystem is very sensitive and fragile. The pressures of increasing population, expansion of agricultural industries and urban development, have caused a significant proportion of mangrove to be destroyed. The Kelantan Delta, located between the latitude of 06°11.00'N to 06°13.00'N and the longitude of 102°10.00'E to 102°14.00'E faces similar pressure. The study area concentrates on the Tumpat area within the delta which covers approximately 1 300 ha and comprises 17 islands. The climate is influenced mainly by the northeast and southeast monsoons, with a mean temperature of 26.8°C and 83.7% relative humidity. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and extent of mangrove forests in the Kelantan Delta particularly, the composition and stand structure of mangrove forest types, and to produce the mangrove forest productivity map of the study area.Item The population ecology and juvenile development of the spotted seaorse Hippocampus kuda Bleeker(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2005-03) Kuang, Choo CheeThe first part of this study focused on the population ecology of the Spotted Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda in the Pulai River Estuary, Johor. A total of 102 females and 103 males were tagged from April 2002 to March 2004, with no significant bias in the sex ratio. The average sightings of seahorses were lower in the wet season (July-August and November-December). The population size of H. kuda in the study area was estimated at 438 individuals using the Jolly-Seber method. The mean total length in males and females were similar. Length frequency distribution exhibit a normal, unimodal curve and the modal length for males and females was 15.0 cm. Sexual maturity was reached at 14 0 cm in both sexes. Weight-length relationship was exponential (W=0.0038L297) and characterized by an isometric growth typeItem The relation between sea surface temperature and seleted pelagic fish catch in the South China Sea(Institut Oseanografi, 2005-07) Ku Kassim, Ku YaacobThe relationships between sea surface temperature (SST) and the catch of selected pelagic species were studied in the waters of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM), from 1992 to 1999. The fishing data for 12 fish species collected from the logbooks of the purse seine vessels were converted to monthly catch per unit effort (CPUE, tonnes/trip/month). The monthly mean satellite-derived SST datasets, gathered from the Advanced Higher Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (A-HIGHERS) and the Pathfinder programmes, and corrected for their accuracy, were used in the analysis. The results showed that each species had its specific interactions with SST, depending on season. During the northeast (NE) monsoon season, higher CPUEs of major species such as selayang, lolong, and aya hitam were from the low SST areas (25.8-27.4°C). The species such as kembung was mostly caught from the warm areas (26.4-28.6°C).Item Geochemistry of sediment and heavy metals on the major estuarine mangrove forest of Terengganu, Malaysia(Terengganu: Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, 2006-06) Ong Meng ChuanA geochemistry and sedimentology study had been conducted at major estuarine mangrove forest (Kemaman- Chukai, Kerteh, Paka, Dungun, Marang and Setiu) of Terengganu region. A total of seven transects with 100 sampling points were setup inside the mangrove forest.Item Geochemistry of sediment and heavy metals on the major estuarine mangrove forest of Terengganu, Malaysia(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2006-06) Ong Meng ChuanA geochemistry and sedimentology study had been conducted at major estuarine mangrove forest (Kemaman-Chukai, Kerteh, Palca, Dungun, Marang and Setiu) of Terengganu region. A total of seven transects with 100 sampling points were setup inside the mangrove forest. Two sampling were carried out to present the dry and wet season. The dry and wet season period sampling was represented by 10th to 20lh May 2004 and 2nd to 8th January 2005, respectively. The heavy metal concentration, sediment characteristic, organic carbon content and sedimentation rate had been determined in this study.Item Depredation of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests by predatory ants in chagar hutang , redang island and their control(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2006-09) Masayuki, MoritaIn Chagar Hutang, out of 30 species of ants collected, five species have been identified as predators of green turtle nests. Dorylus (Dichthadia) laevigatus (a subterranean species) and Pheidologeton affinis (a terrestrial species) represent the major predatory species. In 2004, out of 459 (10.9%) green turtle nests deposited, 50 were depredated by ants. Twenty-eight of the nests were depredated by D. laevigatus, and four nests by P. affinis. In spite of the effort to protect turtle nests in 2005, 49 predation incidences occurred out of 221 (22.2%) turtle nests deposited. Twenty-two nests were depredated by D. laevigatus and five by P. affinis. Dorylus laevigatus preferred hatchlings to eggs, while. P. affinis preferred eggs. Both temporal patterns of predation incidences by ants and the cumulative number of the nests incubated in situ were similar. However, the predation incidence in 2004 started later than that in 2005.Item Comparison of different alogrithms for shoreline boundaries extraction using radarsat-1 sar imagery(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2006-10) Karamali, MasoudShoreline extraction from Synthetic Aperture Radar [SAR] data belongs to the boundary detection problem in the field of image processing, in which edge detection algorithm, texture analysis algorithm and image segmentation are three conventional approaches to the boundary detection. The presence of speckle makes edge detection and texture analysis algorithms in SAR images difficult and image segmentation inadequate. Therefore, speckle reduction is an important and essential procedure in pre processing.Item Biodiversity of zooplankton in estuarine mangroves of Setiu Lagoon, Terengganu(Institut Oseanografi, 2007) Bibi Shaheeda, Amir SharifuddinZooplankton community in the estuarine mangroves of Setiu Lagoon was studied in order to understand the biodiversity status and their relationship with environmental factors. Sampling was conducted throughout year 2004 following the monsoonal season. Eight sampling points were established in the lagoon starting from the upper reach of the estuary (Kuala Katup) to the mouth of the estuary (Pulau Gemia). Three random quadrates were laid horizontally in front of each sampling point where the distance is about 1.5 meter from the mangrove forests. Zooplankton were obtained using a 110pm mesh size of Kitahara net and physico chemical parameters were measured in-situ using a Quanta hydrolab. Fourteen groups of zooplankton have been identified inhabiting estuarine mangrove of Setiu lagoon throughout year 2004 with peak densities found during post-monsoon season (403,963 ind.m"3)and were highly concentrated at St 1 (231,407 ind.m"3) and St 6 (195,520ind.m"J).Item Geochemistry and characteristics of marine sediment in Johor coastal waters, South China Sea Malaysia(Institut Oceonography, 2007-01) Norhizam Hassan @ Abd GhaniSatu kajian geokimia telah dijalankan di Laut China Selatan di kawasan Perairan Pantai Johor. Kajian dijalankan pada dua musim iaitu pra monsun ( 6 - 1 2 Oktober 2004) dan selepas monsun ( 1 - 1 0 Mac 2005) untuk menentukan variasi masa logam berat. Sampel dari 48 stesen telah diambil menggunakan penyampel Smith Mclntyre dan Phleger corer untuk sampel permukaan serta sampel dasar.Kajian yang dibuat adalah bagi menentukan dan melaporkan kriteria mendapan (sedimen), kandungan karbon organik dan logam berat yang terkandung di perairan ini.Item Variation of changes of Kuala Terengganu shoreline using high resolution satelite imagery and aerial photographs(Institut Oceanography, 2007-01) Chalabi, AichaCoastal zone and its problems related to the dynamic process have been intensively studied using aerial photographs and ground surveys. However, these techniques are time consuming and do not provide accurate results. Remote sensing technique integrated GIS can be a useful tool to monitor and map a shoreline. These techniques became more important with development of semi automatic algorithms that can automatically detect and extract shoreline from satellite images as the digitizing method, digitizing method is not practical where the area has a complex geomorphology. This thesis presentes the application of remote sensing and GIS in analyzing and mapping the shoreline of Kuala Terengganu using time series data over 38 years.Item Modeling tide and storm surge in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(Institut Oseanografi, 2007-04) Choon, Loy KakThe primary focus of this thesis involves the numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic flows in the coastal areas of Terengganu, which is subjected to tides and the two seasonal monsoons. For this purpose, we developed two numerical simulation models named TIDE-2D and TUNA-SU, based upon modification and enhancement of existing in-house models TIDE and TUNA-M2 respectively. Both models are governed by the two-dimensional depth-integrated shallow water equations (SWE), which are widely used to simulate similar hydrodynamic regimes. These equations are solved by means of the explicit finite difference method with a staggered grid system, which are restricted in the time step by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CLF) criterion to ensure numerical stability. The validation of TIDE-2D and TUNA-SU are performed by comparing the model simulation results with known analytical solutions and solutions derived from previously tested software AQUASEA. The tidal dynamics in the coastal areas of Terengganu is satisfactorily simulated by means of TIDE-2D. Similarly TUNA-SU performs satisfactorily to simulate interesting current patterns in South China Sea, which agree with observations during the northeast and southwest monsoons. Finally, two storm surge cases that occurred in Peninsular Malaysia's coastal areas are simulated by means of TUNA-SU. These two storm surges are induced by the Tropical Cyclone Vamei of 2001 and the Extreme Northeast Monsoons of 2004.Item Monsoon effects on the geochemical of surface sediment in the nearshore area off Terengganu, Malaysia(Institut Oceonography, 2007-07) Hasrizal ShaariThis thesis investigates the geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments of Terengganu nearshore area during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons and sedimentation rate. Sampling activities were carried out twice in two years, in September 2002 and April 2003. The samplings covered an area approximately 750 nautical square miles. Sampling points were setup in seven transects which consisted of seven points each. For this work, sediment grain size, organic carbon, heavy metal and also sedimentation rates.Item Penilaian pelaksanaan pengurusan bersepadu persisiran pantai (ICZM) di Malaysia(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2007-07) Kadir JaafarTujuan utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menilai status pelaksanaan pengurusan bersepadu persisiran pantai (ICZM) di Malaysia berdasarkan kerangka dasar iaitu keupayaan agensi dan kompetensi pengurus. Kajian ini membina satu instrumen penilaian pelaksanaan ICZM yang telah diuji dari segi kesahan dan kebolehpercayaannya menggunakan kaedah kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan. Subjek kajian adalah terdiri daripada 32 agensi persisiran pantai yang terlibat dengan Bengkel Teknikal Dasar Pengurusan Bersepadu Persisiran Pantai Kebangsaan (1-2 Jun 2004 di Hotel Awana Genting Highland). Data dikutip menggunakan kaedah temu bual dan borang soal selidik.Item Chemical oceanography study in Pahang coastal water of Malaysia during pre and post northeast monsoon seasons(Institute of Oceanography, 2007-09) Yew, Wooi MengChemical oceanography study on the nutrients such as organic and inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, as well as total suspended solid, chlorophyll-a and petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediment during pre and post Northeast Monsoon seasons in coastal water of Pahang, South China Sea were conducted from October 2003 until April 2004. A total of 26 sampling stations was established for the study. All the parameters showed lower concentration during post NE monsoon season except ammonium, organic phosphorus and total suspended solid (TSS) in water.Item Toxicological respone characteristic of tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) towards cadmium, lead and zinc(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2008-01) Noraifaa Abdullah SaniThe toxicological response of tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii towards cadmium, lead and zinc were determined in acute 96 hr of LCfo tests and in sublethal exposure tests at 0.10, 0.25 and 0.5 of the 96 hr LC50 values for 21 days duration. Both acute and sublethal tests were conducted using a continuous flow system and data on blood parameters, amount of metals accumulated and histopathological effects were studied in fish sampled each week, for three weeks. The 96 hr LC50 values were 0.63 mg Cd/L, 1.52 mg Zn/L and 28.0 mg Pb/L. After exposure to heavy metals, the juveniles of B. schwanenfeldii showed rapid movement, loss of equilibrium in water and showed sideways movement during swimming.Item Distribution of dissolved and particulate trace metals in Terengganu rever estuary(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2008-03) Teck, William Wong HoeThe distribution of trace metals Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn between dissolved (total dissolved and CI8 extractable) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Terengganu River estuary was studied in four surveys in 2005 and 2006. The concentration of particulate Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were in the range of 2.76|_ig/g - 125.58jug/g, 0.49|.ig/g - 20.64(ig/g, 1.38^ig/g - 57.58ng/g, 0.29^g/g - 183.95^ig/g, 0.06|_ig/g - 1.56|ag/g, and 2.56|ag/g - 78.73|_ig/g, respectively. Concentrations of particulate trace metals declined seawards indicating that the sources of the metals are from the river. In addition, the concentration of particulates was inversely related with salinity especially in the second sampling period, again suggesting river-derived particulate trace metals. The concentrations of particulate trace metals also showed inverse relationship with SPM.Item Accumulation of heavy metals in seagrass (Halodule pinifolia and Halophila minor) in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu(IInstitut Oseanografi, 2009-02) Syarifah Noormaisarah Tuan BesarIn this study the metal uptake by two species of seagrasses, Halodule pinfolia and Halophila minor, from the Setiu lagoon was studied by carrying out a monitoring survey of the metal contents in the seagrasses in the lagoon and their bioaccumulation capacity and resultant toxicity investigated by carrying out laboratory sediment toxicity experiments. The aims of this study were: (i) To study the accumulation of metals in Halodule pinfolia and Halophila minor) towards selected metals (copper, zinc, lead and cadmium) in the Setiu lagoon., (ii) to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in the leaves and rhizomes - root system of the two seagrass species, (iii) To determine the accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments and seagrass tissues from artificially contaminated sediments.Item Heavy metal speciation and mineralogy in sediment off Pahang coast, Malaysia during pre-and post north east monsoon seasons(Institute of Oceanography, 2009-05) Choo Kim MingTwenty six surface sediment samples were collected from the near-shore area of Pahang coast, South China Sea during the pre- and post- Northeast monsoon periods. The concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn of five chemical fractions in the sediment were determined using the fractionation scheme of Tessier et al. (1979). The mean concentrations of total metals studied were considered low compared to cmstal value and regional studies.Item Sediment distribution and littoral drift direction for the coastline between Batu Rakit and Setiu, Terengganu(Institut Oseanografi, 2010-05) Mohd Azam Mat YaacobThe main objective o f this study is to determine the sediment distribution and investigate the net littoral drift direction from Batu Rakit to Kuala Setiu. The study is very important as a preliminary study to any coastal zone management decisions.