Actinomycetes as a promising candidate bacterial group for the health management of aquaculture systems: A review
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Date
2022-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
John wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most important economic activities in the world. However,
the intensification of culture practices resulted in the emergence of various diseases
caused by microorganisms and non-infectious diseases caused mainly by the deterioration
of water quality. Several prophylactic and treatment options have been
exploited over the years to tackle the disease problem in aquaculture. Previously,
antibiotics have been used indiscriminately for treating many fish diseases which
resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To overcome the failure of
existing management strategies, innovative antimicrobial drug research is crucial and
actinomycetes have proven to be trustworthy sources of new antimicrobial chemicals
and are one of the most economically and biotechnologically important bacteria with
multitude of functions. This review updates and highlights the role of actinomycetes
in encouraging sustainable aquaculture practices and identifies opportunities for
additional research and development. Many genera of actinomycetes were found to
enhance the growth and survival of cultured species by producing many nutritional
factors. They also improve the water quality of culture systems by the production of
hydrolytic enzymes. Actinomycetes were found to improve the immunity of aquatic
organisms by augmenting many immune parameters and making them more resistant
to infection. Many actinomycetes have been discovered to produce antagonistic substances
and exhibited antibacterial, antiviral, antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing
activities. Probiotic potential of many actinomycetes has been widely explored. Even
though actinomycetes have been widely used in aquaculture for multi purposes, the
exact mechanism of action of these bacterial groups is poorly understood and novel
biotechnological tools can be used for unravelling this.
Description
Keywords
actinomycetes, antimicrobial, aquaculture, bioremediator, immunomodulator, probiotics