Trends in aquaculture and conservation of sturgeons: a review of molecular and cytogenetic tools
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Date
2020-06
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Publisher
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Abstract
Sturgeons are the most primitive, endangered groups of vertebrates on the planet
and often referred to as ‘living fossils’. Their natural populations are decreasing
due to habitat destruction, blockage of spawning migration, pollution and overexploitation
for their expensive black caviar and boneless meat. Currently, existing
populations have little chance to survive without artificial breeding and sustainable
ranching programmes. Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species (CITES) is regulating international trade of all Acipenseriformes and their
products for effective conservation. The aim of this review paper was to describe
the main innovative applications in sturgeon aquaculture and conservation, such
as genome engineering techniques applied in sturgeon’s reproduction, molecular
and ploidy analyses of embryo and larvae, sex determination, genome sequencing,
gene expression analysis and genome transplantations. Further research is
required to improve cryopreservation techniques, embryo banking and quick
identification of disease in sturgeon aquaculture and conservation programme.
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Keywords
Acipenseridae, aquaculture, conservation, genetics, molecular markers, sturgeons