Attraction and repulsion of mobile wild organisms to finfish and shellfish aquaculture: a review
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Date
2017-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Abstract
Knowledge of aquaculture–environment interactions is essential for the development
of a sustainable aquaculture industry and efficient marine spatial planning.
The effects of fish and shellfish farming on sessile wild populations, particularly
infauna, have been studied intensively. Mobile fauna, including crustaceans, fish,
birds and marine mammals, also interact with aquaculture operations, but the
interactions are more complex and these animals may be attracted to (attraction)
or show an aversion to (repulsion) farm operations with various degrees of effects.
This review outlines the main mechanisms and effects of attraction and repulsion
of wild animals to/from marine finfish cage and bivalve aquaculture, with a focus
on effects on fisheries-related species. Effects considered in this review include
those related to the provision of physical structure (farm infrastructure acting as
fish aggregating devices (FADs) or artificial reefs (ARs), the provision of food
(e.g. farmed animals, waste feed and faeces, fouling organisms associated with
farm structures) and some farm activities (e.g. boating, cleaning). The reviews
show that the distribution of mobile organisms associated with farming structures
varies over various spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal scales (season,
feeding time, day/night period). Attraction/repulsion mechanisms have a variety
of direct and indirect effects on wild organisms at the level of individuals and
populations and may have implication for the management of fisheries species
and the ecosystem in the context of marine spatial planning. This review revealed
considerable uncertainties regarding the long-term and ecosystem-wide consequences
of these interactions. The use of modelling may help better understand
consequences, but long-term studies are necessary to better elucidate effects.
Description
Keywords
aquaculture, artificial reefs, attraction, farm waste, fish aggregating devices, repulsion, wild population