Browsing by Author "Claude E. Boyd"

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    Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges
    (Wiley, 2020) Claude E. Boyd; Louis R. D'Abramo; Brent D. Glencross; David C. Huyben; Lorenzo M. Juarez; George S. Lockwood; Aaron A. McNevin; Albert G. J. Tacon; Fabrice Teletchea; Joseph R. Tomasso Jr; Craig S. Tucker; Wagner C. Valenti
    Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.
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    Aquaculture and the Environment in the United States
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2008) Craig S. Tucker; John A. Hargreaves; Claude E. Boyd
    . . . the animals which live in the watery depths, above all in ocean waters . . . are protected against the destruction of their species at the hand of man. Their reproductive rate is so large and the means which they have to save themselves from his pursuits or traps are such that there is no evidence that he can destroy the entire species of any of these animals.
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    Better Management Practices in International Aquaculture
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2008) Claude E. Boyd
    The United States imports about 85% of its fi sheries products, and fi sh, shrimp, and molluscan shellfi sh originating from aquaculture are a major component of this trade. Several environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) became highly critical of aquaculture and particularly about marine shrimp and salmon farming in the 1990s. Attempts by more radical environmental NGOs to effect consumer boycotts of these species in the United States and other western nations failed. However, several moderate NGOs persisted in efforts to promote environmental and social responsibility in aquaculture. Criticism of aquaculture practices by World Wildlife Fund, Environmental Defense, Conservation International, and other environmental NGOs has caused aquaculture organizations to promote environmental responsibility, governments to increase environmental regulations for aquaculture, and some retailers and other food service buyers to seek environmentally and socially responsible aquaculture products. Most negative environmental and social impacts of aquaculture occur at the farm level, and particular emphasis has been given to encouraging producers to adopt best management practices (BMPs) designed to lessen these impacts. The NGOs also have succeeded in obtaining the participation of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), World Bank, and other international development agencies in efforts to promote responsible aquaculture. Moreover, educational programs by NGOs to encourage more responsible seafood choices by consumers apparently are beginning to infl uence the market.
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    Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Concentrations in Some Common Aquaculture Feeds
    (the World Aquaculture Society, 2018-06) Sirirat Chatvijitkul; Claude E. Boyd; D. Allen Davis
    Nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon concentrations were measured from 203 samples of starter, fingerling, and grower aquaculture feeds from several countries and for several common species. The feed protein concentrations reported by manufacturers often were slightly greater than the measured crude protein concentrations. The correlation coefficients (R2) between feed nitrogen and carbon concentrations were less than 0.50, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in feed were not correlated. There were considerable differences in elemental concentrations among feeds, but the overall averages for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations, respectively, were as follows: starter feed 41.36, 7.78, and 1.57%; fingerling feed 39.75, 5.95, and 1.36%; grower feed 39.97, 5.36, and 1.22%. Concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in feeds are required in estimating the pollution potential of aquaculture facilities. The crude protein concentration – if provided by the manufacturer – can be used to estimate nitrogen concentration in feed, but carbon and phosphorus concentrations should be measured.