Browsing by Author "Mhd Ikhwanuddin"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Biofloc as a potential natural feed for shrimp postlarvae
    (International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2016) Helena Khatoon; Sanjoy Banerjee; Gregory Tan Guan Yuan; Noorazilah Haris; Mhd Ikhwanuddin; Mohd Azmi Ambak; Azizah Endut
    In this study, the suitability of excess biofloc that was discarded as waste from Litopenaeus vannamei farm effluent was investigated for effectiveness as a dietary replacement in rearing L. vannamei postlarvae (PL). A commercial shrimp diet (control) was compared to four diets containing dried waste biofloc at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement levels and fed to shrimp PL to evaluate the survival rate, growth performance and nutritional composition. Total ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were maintained in culture tanks with minimal water exchange throughout the experiment. Results showed that PLs fed with 50% biofloc feed (50% BF) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) specific growth rate compared to the other treatments. In addition, PLs fed with 50% and 75% BF had significantly higher survival rate (p < 0.05) compared to those fed with commercial feed only. However, protein content of PLs fed with 50% and 75% BF was comparable to those of 100% commercial feed. This study demonstrates that waste biofloc has potential to be used as a cost effective feed for rearing shrimp PLs.
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    Digestive enzyme profiles from foregut contents of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus from Straits of Johor, Malaysia
    (Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 2016-10-17) Ambok-Bolong Abol-Munafi; Nordiana Pilus; Roswati Md Amin; Mohamad N. Azra; Mhd Ikhwanuddin
    This study describes the digestive enzyme profiles from foregut contents of the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (L.), from Straits of Johor, Malaysia. Adult male (mature and immature) and female (ovarian maturation stages 1–4) blue swimming crabs were assayed for the presence of digestive enzymes (protease, trypsin, amylase and lipase) in the foregut. The results show that in some instances, significant differences in enzyme activities were observed between the sexes of P. pelagicus. Protease, trypsin, and amylase were detected in all gonad maturation stages, suggesting that crabs including immature males can readily digest dietary protein and carbohydrates, but not lipids. Trypsin (except for ovarian maturation Stage 4) and lipase (ovarian maturation Stage 4 and mature male only) activities were considerably higher than amylase, indicating that dietary proteins and lipids are more important than carbohydrates and, thus, suggests a carnivorous diet. In conclusion, the changes in enzyme activities between the different maturation stages and sexes reflect natural changes in diet and feeding abilities of P. pelagicus.
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    Effects of various microalgae on fatty acid composition and survival rate of the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus larvae
    (Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 2016) Mhd Taufik; Zainuddin Bachok; Mohamad N. Azra; Mhd Ikhwanuddin
    Present study is to examine effect of various microalgae on Fatty Acid (FA) of Portunus pelagicus larvae. Larvae were subjected to five different treatments; T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. T1: rotifer and Artemia only; T2: rotifer, Artemia and Chaetoceros sp.; T3: rotifer, Artemia and Chlorella sp.; T4: rotifer, Artemia and Isochrysis sp. and T5: rotifer, Artemia and Nannochloropsis sp. Highest FA component in Zoea 3 was saturated FA group of T2 with concentration 26.06±26.23mg/g. For monounsaturated FA group, highest FA component in Zoea 1 was T5 with concentration 9.88±0.34mg/g. FA component in polyunsaturated FA group in Zoea 4, T4 with concentration 9.33±0.45mg/g was highest. For survival rate, highest survival rate obtained from T4 with 10.21%±0.45. In this study, essential FA requirement in each stage of P. pelagicus larvae can be reveal. Species of microalgae suitable for larvae can be characterized and selected for hatchery purpose.
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    Histopathology of the Hepatopancreas of Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei from None Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) Shrimp Ponds
    (Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2015) Hidayah Manan; Julia Moh Hwei Zhong; Fariduddin Othman; Mhd Ikhwanuddin
    Hepatopancreas study of Pacific White shrimp, Penaeus vannamei was done on the shrimp samples from a commercial shrimp farm in Setiu, Terengganu. About six individual shrimps were collected randomly from eight different shrimp grow-out ponds for histopathology analysis at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu laboratory. Most of the hepatopancreas samples appeared to be healthy, however in the histopathology results showed signs of unhealthy hepatopancreas conditions including slough hepatopancreas tubules cells (SHP), degeneration of Tubules Lumen (TL), enlarged of the hepatopancreas nuclei cell and lack of B, F and R epithelial cells in the hepatopancreas tubules.
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    Perspective Fish and Shellfish Domestication and Stock Enhancement
    (Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 2016-09-15) Mhd Ikhwanuddin; Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi
    The human demand for fish protein is increasing daily with continuous growth of the global population and economy. Due to the low harvests of wild-caught fish in conjunction with high human fish consumption, aquaculture presents the most effective solution for enhancing the production of fish protein. However, most fish and shellfish hatcheries fully depend on wild-caught broodstock for seed production. The most effective way to resolve this issue is by enhancing the development of domesticated broodstock. Domesticated broodstock would ensure a consistent production of seed for further breeding and stock enhancement programs. Herein, the present perspective describes an important aspect of the current development of domesticated broodstock for future stock enhancement of fish and shellfish in hatchery seed production. The following characteristics were chosen for domestication of species: High market value (either as food or as ornamental), commercially important for fisheries/aquaculture, threatened or endangered, easy to culture, desirable production traits, disease resistant, viral pathogen-free, ability to utilize various food types and have environmental tolerance. The selection of broodstock source is vital for domestication program, as this is the first step for culturing the selected fish and shellfish species. Genetically improved broodstock are usually used in domestication programs along with optimum feeding strategies and space for improved hatchery production. There are many advantages of domestication, particularly for sustainable food protein as well as for future stock-enhancement programs for newly cultured aquatic species. In conclusion, the success in domestication primarily depends on the knowledge of basic fish and shellfish biology.
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    Study on carbon sinks by classified biofloc phytoplankton from marine shrimp pond water
    (AACL Bioflux, 2016) Hidayah Manan; 1Julia H. Zhong Moh; Nor A. Kasan; Suhaimi Suratman; Mhd Ikhwanuddin
    Study on the carbon sink by biofloc phytoplankton from species Oocystis sp. (Chlorophyta) and Chroococcus sp. (Cyanophyta) was done from the study area of marine shrimp farm i- sharp Setiu, Terengganu. Three month of database for carbon sinks was collected from the selected phytoplankton in the pond. The biovolume of the phytoplankton was calculated using simple geometrical formula and carbon conversion factor to convert the biovolume of each class of phytoplankton to carbon sink amount of value. Overall, Chroococcus sp. was identified as the most abundance species found in the pond where it can sequestrate 14923.39 μ g C L-1 amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) as compared to the amount of carbon can be sequestrated by Oocystis sp. which is around 3778.20 μ g C L-1. It also can be claimed that Chroococcus sp. was more carbon dense compared to Oocystis sp. because of its bigger cell volume. It can be assumed that biofloc phytoplankton was successful in carbon sequestration and contributed as small part of carbon sinker in the world due to its ability to sequester CO2 and high abundances in number found in the pond make its more efficient in sinking carbon dioxide.
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    Transcriptomics in advancing portunid aquaculture: A systematic review
    (John wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., 2022-04) Khor Waiho; Mhd Ikhwanuddin; Nor Afiqah-Aleng; Alexander Chong Shu-Chien; Youji Wang; Hongyu Ma; Hanafiah Fazhan
    The rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies has promoted the use of transcriptomics in non-model organisms, including species in the aquaculture sector. Compared to that of other crustacean species, portunid crab aquaculture is impeded by the insufficient knowledge of their biological and physiological processes. This systematic review summarised the advances in transcriptomics in cultured portunid crabs using a systematic literature review methodology. The filtered transcriptome dataset comprised 66 articles from four genera: Scylla, Portunus, Callinectes and Charybdis. At the species level, Scylla paramamosain and Portunus trituberculatus were the two most studied species, highlighting their importance in the aquaculture sector. The affordable cost of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) led to an increase in transcriptome-related research in portunid crabs and made available a huge repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We further discussed the transcriptomic advances based on six main functional categories, that is, ‘growth and moulting’, ‘gonadal development and reproduction’, ‘nutrition metabolism’, ‘disease and immunity’, ‘toxicology and stress’ and ‘general transcriptomic profiling’. In general, transcriptomic studies of portunid crabs, specifically the DEGs and pathways allow an in-depth understanding of the biological and physiological processes involved at different growth stages or under various conditions based on the difference in gene transcriptional activity. SNPs obtained from the transcriptome data are useful in many genetic improvementrelated downstream applications, including the construction of genetic linkage maps and as population genetic markers. Future directions, such as hybrid approaches of long-read and common RNA-Seq, and the incorporation of other omics were also discussed.