DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Institute of Oceanography and Environment"

Browsing by Author "Institute of Oceanography and Environment"

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Application Of Soft Classification For Sub Pixel Analysis Of Shoreline Mapping Using Simulated Coarse Resolution Satellite Imageries
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-02) Nurliyana Binti Razman; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
This study aimed to explore on image processing techniques to determine the shoreline at the sub-pixel level by using simulated coarse satellite sensor imagery and to examine the potential of soft classification on shoreline mapping of Kuala Terengganu coastal area. In general, to map shoreline require two types of imagery; fine and coarse spatial resolution which taken on the same day, date, time and area. However due to the lack of data obtained, this study used simulated 10 m and 20 m coarse spatial resolution imagery from 2.5 m fine spatial resolution imagery. The performances of three soft classifications on simulated coarse satellite imagery were evaluated mainly Fuzzy Set Theory classification, Bayesian classification and Demspter-shafer classification. Unlike conventional classification, in soft classification the composition information in a pixel can be extracted which allows the shoreline to be mapped within image pixels producing an accurate and realistic prediction of the shoreline. This method was applied to different shape of shoreline extracts; Area I (linear or cross to lying along pixel orientation), Area II (shoreline orientation changes abruptly with respect to pixel grid) and Area III (linear shoreline) for 10 m and 20 m imagery. From the result, it showed that the accuracy of shoreline prediction varied according to shoreline orientation and shape. Shoreline generated from contouring soft classification for linear shoreline area (Area III) produced the most accurate predicting shoreline with RMSE value less than 1.4 m from Fuzzy Sigmoidal classification. When the shoreline was aligned exact parallel to the column of the pixel grid, the accuracy was increased. However, in certain area, Bayesian showed the potential on producing shoreline with RMSE lower than 2 m. Overall, the effects of spatial resolution were very similar. The coarser the spatial resolution, the accuracy decreased. From the results, Fuzzy Sigmoidal though showed less effect on spatial resolution.
Beach Morphodynamics And Sediment Characteristics At Some Selected Beaches Along Terengganu Coastal Region
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2011-12) Noraisyah Binti Sapon; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
Knowledge of coastal morphodynamic processes is necessary for complete understanding of the depositional or erosional framework of a coastline. The main aim of this study is to identify the processes that operate at the selected beaches along the monsoon coast of Terengganu in a year cycle. Beach profiles have been surveyed, and beach sediment samples were collected bi-monthly at each stations studied. During the Northeast Monsoon, the coastline is under the influence of strong waves and currents though during the rest of the year, it is subject to moderate and low hydraulic energy levels with relatively weak waves and currents. Results indicate that the beach profiles show that they experience dynamic changes in a one year period of survey. During the Northeast Monsoon, most of the beach foreshores are eroded with overtopping processes shifting berm crests upward and landward. Sediments from the eroded foreshores are moved down into the water where longshore currents transport them in a downdrift direction to sites of accretion. During the rest of the year, accretion is dominant with the lack of high energy waves allowing swells to rebuild the beaches.
Coastal Upwelling And Phytoplankton Biomass In Terengganu And Pahang Coastal Waters
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-09) Zuraini Binti Zainol; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
Oceanographic cruises were conducted to investigate the dynamical relationship between hydrography, current circulation and phytoplankton biomass at the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM) and elucidate the structure of upwelling at the ECPM especially in the vicinity of Tioman Island. Physical observations in the upwelling area were analysed with respect to local wind forcing. Chlorophyll a and nutrients measurements were discussed based on different seasonal influence. In addition to field data measurement, satellite images were used to demonstrate the presence of upwelling and examine the spatial patterns of phytoplankton biomass at the ECPM. The outcome of this study showed that the southwesterly monsoon wind, which induced coastal upwelling, was the major mechanism that shaped the hydrographic character and the relatively high phytoplankton biomass found at the study area. Results also showed that the waters off Tioman Island had relatively cooler temperature and higher phytoplankton biomass due to nutrient enhancement than Terengganu. The presence of this character was in response to strong northward upwelling and freshwater intrusion in both areas. In the vicinity of Tioman Island, there was a small but distinguishable cooler-upwelled water and slightly stronger current at the north of the island. This feature appeared to be caused by the interaction of multiple dynamical processes including coastal upwelling, island circulation and topographic variations in this area. Overall, the interaction of physical processes between wind-induced upwelling, coastal current and island circulation were believed to be the key drivers in regulating the hydrography and horizontal as well as vertical distribution of phytoplankton biomass.
Coral Reef Mapping Using High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery (Quickbird) At Redang Island Marine Park, Terengganu, Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-08) Khoo Siao Jean; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the earth, but most of the world reefs are highly susceptible to degradation due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Coral reef benthic communities are mosaic of several bottom types that are distinguishable by their optical spectral reflectance characteristic allows effective identification and mapping using the technologies of remote sensing. Therefore, in- situ radiometric measurement play an important role in bridging the gap between field and remotely sensed data in the improving the accuracy of remote sensing. Briefly, this study is aimed to determine the in-situ benthic hyperspectral reflectance and then examine their characteristic and separability. Additionally to evaluate the performance of density slice and maximum likelihood algorithm for coral reef classification and developed a baseline map.
Modelling Coastal Vulnerability Index To Sea Level Rise For The East Coast Of Peninsular Malaysia
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2015-01) Isfarita Binti Ismail; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
Sea level rise is a global phenomenon that all littoral states, including Malaysia, need to plan for. Thus far sea level rise scenarios have been using global data and scenarios that only depict inundation areas without taking into account socio economic and quality of life. Malaysia is vulnerable to sea level rise particularly areas located on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia facing the South China Sea where the waves are larger, especially during the monsoon season. It is also our study site covering over 675 km and fifteen districts located along the coast. Models of sea level rise were performed using three sea level rise scenarios: an increase of every 1, 2 and 3 m in areas that have been selected, including major town, industrial areas and estuaries. To obtain a model of sea level rise, ERDAS 2011 and ArcGIS software was used to model Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) data and identify the low lying inundated area. This study reveals that although sea level rise affect the coastline along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, the rise is too slow to make any impact in the near future where by the year 2100 the rise is expected to range from 0.16 to 0.3m only. A rise of one meter in sea level, predicted to occur in the year 2319 and 2585, will only inundate 8% and 15% of Chendering and Kota Bharu respectively. To address the problem of rising sea levels on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, this study focuses on developing vulnerability indices on physical, socioeconomic and correlation between both parameters.
Physical Oceanography Of Lekir Bay, Manjung, Perak
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2013) Hadzley Harith; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
Development project on coastline of Malaysia without proper plan will caused problem. However a proper plan in the coastline project requires proper study and one of them is the physical oceanography particularly in Lekir Bay. Lekir Bay is located in Manjung District in the state of Perak, extending from the northern part of Perak River mouth to the southern tip of Pangkor Island (3 o o o 58.5’N - 4 9.6’N, 100 o 34.8’E – 100 45.8’E). Lekir Bay is known to have two prominent physical influences i.e., fresh water runoff from the Perak River on the southwest and warm water discharge from Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station (SASPS) the northwest. Occasionally, there are series of jellyfish ingression (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) reported and causing problems to SASPS. While on the mud flat of Lekir Bay, seasonal natural spat fall of Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa) has been reported. This study aims at the physical oceanography in the aspect of spatial and temporal variability thru three main components i.e., (a) Physical setting i.e., bathymetry of SASPS and Lekir Bay; (b) Water properties distributed on the horizontal i.e., Surface current and direction, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and turbidity as well as their physical profile for current, temperature, salinity and turbidity and (c) Other influences (secondary data) i.e., mean monthly rainfall, wind, monsoon and Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) influenced to the physical hydrodynamic of the bay and SASPS underwater intake points. A total of 87 sampling stations for physical oceanographic (with five water level classification for sampling i.e., surface, below surface, mid water, below mid water and bottom) and sediment texture study along with two continuous Acoustics Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) stations at the SASPS’s intake point were done. While, detail sounding for bathymetry of SASPS waters and 300 meter interval line transect for Lekir Bay were conducted. The study has successfully determined the objective thru three components and elaborates their connection. Physical setting which is a passive indicator were successfully defined in this thesis i.e., the detail bathymetry chart surrounding the SASPS revealing the SASPS underwater intake system and how other physical parameter influenced by the weather affected. Four zone were identified typical with its physical characteristics i.e., zone A (southern part of SASPS), zone B (Perak River mouth and it closed adjacent), zone C (coastal waters of Lekir Bay) and zone D (Lekir front).
Seafloor Morphology And Sedimentological Characteristics Of The Kuala Terengganu Nearshore Area
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2013-08) Mohamad Anas Bin Mohamad Annuar; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
The Kuala Terengganu nearshore area has been studied in order to gain insight of the seafloor bathymetry dynamics. The seabed profile, textural properties and depositional process of the surface sediment were determined during pre- and post-Northeast monsoon periods at three distinct environments. The seabed is heavily influenced by the Northeast monsoon season which alters the profile gradients and induces accretion and erosion at several parts of the nearshore. Meanwhile, grain size trend analysis of the grain size distribution of the nearshore seafloor sediments at these various sites show varied nature in their mean grain size as well as values of sorting and skewness. Based on this evidence, the statistical parameters of grain size distributions thus allowed recognition of dissimilar environments. Furthermore, grain size trend analysis also shows that the grain size distribution was significantly affected by the monsoon season which is characterized by strong winds, huge waves and heavy rainfall. The monsoon increases the dynamism, thus inducing greater sediment movement and profile modification in the nearshore. During the post-Northeast monsoon, the sediments were coarser after facing higher amplitude of forces such as waves and currents. The beach sediment was eroded for the duration of this season and transported seaward. Sediments were better sorted and seaward-fining textural gradient were obvious. In general, transportation and deposition of sediment suggest that sediment characteristics at each environment are reflected by the difference in energy condition (waves, currents and wind action) of the coastal environment.
Tidal Currents In The Coastal Waters Off Terengganu
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2014-12) Fathy Kameel Mohd Fadzil; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
In this research, the ocean current data measured in Merang water, Terengganu was studied. Acoustic Wave and Current Profiler also known as AWAC was deployed in the research area from August 2008 to August 2009 to collect the ocean current data. Accordingly, the data were measured in 1 hour time interval during 7 months of data collection. With respect to the measured data, the focus of this research are to investigate the tidal variations and tidal current in Merang water and to determine the dynamics of tidal current circulation and the influence of seasonal changes in Merang water. The results found that the area has a tidal response; mixed type dominated by diurnal and semidiurnal. Moreover, the ellipse analysis is conducted to determine the highest current velocity in the constituents, and the results found that K1 has a velocity faster than M2 according to the ellipse diagram. Furthermore, the result from semi-major and semi-minor axis K1 also showed that it was higher than M2 in the study area.
Water Mass Properties, Variabilities And Origins In Northern Borneo
(Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2013-12) Shukri Bin Arsad; Institute of Oceanography and Environment
We present a definition of water mass properties, variabilities and origins along the coast of northern Borneo based on 55 CTD casts taken during cruises in July 2009. We also studied data from four Argo profiling floats in the surrounding seas. The temperature salinity (TS) relation in the South China Sea, Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea show the existence of eight water masses. Earlier studies defined the surface mixed layer water masses as Open Sea Water (OSW), Continental Shelf Water (CSW) and Seasonal Thermocline Water (STW). Below the layer of this active mixing are subsurface zones of rapid transition called the Tropical Surface Water (TSW) and Maximum Salinity Water (MaxSW). Permanent Thermocline Water (PTW), Minimum Salinity Water (MinSW) and Deep Water (DW) are at the intermediate layer to about 1000 m. BLUElink ReANalysis (BRAN) global ocean models demonstrated how current circulations influence the exchange of water masses between the three seas. The Sulu Sea sits in the middle, and has very limited connections between the other two seas. Connection with the Celebes Sea occurs at a depth of 200m.

Browsing by Author "Institute of Oceanography and Environment"

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